Little, or rather nothing, can properly be said of Hebrew art, for it is a non-entity. The Hebrews are a mixed race. They assert themselves to be of the Semitic group of mankind, but ethnologically they are a composition of black, yellow, and white men, and are closely related to the Arabs and Phœnicians. They were generally slaves. For 450 years they were in bondage in Egypt, whence they first emerged into a national existence. From Moses to Saul, for 450 years, they lived under a kind of theocratic democracy: God, the supreme ruler in heaven, and the Jews on earth his _chosen_ people. For another 450 years they had a kind of theocratic monarchy: God ruled in heaven, as the king ruled on earth. This period lasted from Saul to Zedekiah, and gives us-- (α) A period of 100 years under the first three kings, when the twelve tribes were yet united; and (β) Another period during which they formed two separate kingdoms. Of these (_a_) Israel, in this condition, lasted 220 years under twenty kings, who ruled at Samaria, and was destroyed by the Assyrians. (_b_) Judæa, as a separate State, existed 350 years under twenty-one kings, and was annihilated by the Babylonians. Not less than 650 years intervened between the destruction of Jerusalem and its second destruction by the Romans. During this period the chosen people were 1. 200 years under Persian sway. 2. 170 years under the dominion of Alexander the Great and his successors. 3. 130 years they enjoyed a certain independence under the Maccabees. 4. 100 years they were ruled by the Herodes and Romans. After the second destruction of Jerusalem the Jews ceased to have an independent State of their own, and were scattered all over the earth. They in reality enjoyed only 550 years of freedom, as a grand and united nation, out of a period of not less than 6,000 historically-known years.