The sphinx the emblem of Egyptian art--Long and short chronologists--Lepsius and his list of Egyptian dynasties-- State of Egypt under Menes, who ruled 3892 B.C., according to Lepsius--Division of Egyptian art into periods--The forty-two holy books of the Egyptians--Their gods of the first, second, and third orders--The Egyptian trinity--The pyramidal period--The hieratic style--The Ptolemaic style --Their mode of ornamentation and symmetrophobia 103 CHAPTER VII. HEBREW ART. The Hebrews are a mixed race--Social and political condition of the Jews during 6,000 years--Description of the country and aspect of nature--Rabbi Manasseh Ben Israel-- Architecture a sure measure of a nation’s social and political development--Egotistical character of nomadic traders--The temple and palace of Solomon, the only architectural efforts of the Jews--Sketch of their history, divided into eight periods--The tabernacle a tent--The first temple constructed on its plan--Ben David on the mysterious empty room above the Holy of Holies--Causes why the Jews had no art, and never attempted to have any 132 CHAPTER VIII. GREEK ART. Meshiah (humanity) was first freed by the Greeks in form, and by Christ in spirit--Aspect of nature--India, Egypt, and Persia as the component parts of Greek development-- The different dialects of the Greeks--Their mythology-- Traces of intelligible facts and historical events in the Greek myths--Zeus and his character--Prometheus and Faust--The nine muses and their leader--Greek life a continuous festivity--Greek poetry and philosophy--Greek artistic development--The Olympian, Pythian, Nemæan, and Isthmian games--Greek architecture: the temple-- Building materials--Site of temples--Proportion--Plan of temples--The Doric, Ionic, and Korinthian orders and their subdivisions--The Attic style--Greek pottery and Greek sculpture--Different periods--The British Museum and Greek art--Onatas, Ageladas, Kalamis, Pheidias, Praxiteles, Skopas, and Lysippus--The Parthenon-- Aphrodite no longer draped--The groups of Niobe, Laokoön, and the Farnese bull--Causes of the decline of Greek art 153 CHAPTER IX. ETRUSKAN ART. The first settlers in Etruria--Their gods of the first and second orders--The ritual of thunder--Temples and tombs-- Subdivision of tombs--Cinerary chests--Excavations at Præneste--Pottery and metal works--Their style either Archaic or Etruskan--Division of Etruskan works of art into five principal categories 212 CHAPTER X. ROMAN ART.