=Adrianople.= A Turkish city named after the Emperor Adrian; unsuccessfully besieged by the Goths in the 4th century; the army of Murad I. took the city in 1361; unconditionally surrendered to the Russians in August, 1829; peace was declared in this city between Russia and Turkey, September 14, 1829, and the city relinquished to the Turks. =Adrumetum=, or =Hadrumetum=. An ancient African city, now in ruins, situated on the Mediterranean, southeast from Carthage. The Moors took this city from the Romans in 549, but it was retaken soon after by a priest named Paul. =Advance.= Before in place, or beforehand in time; used for advanced; as, advance-guard, or that before the main guard or body of an army; to move forward. =Advanced Covered Way.= Is a _terre plein_ on the exterior of the advanced ditch, similar to the first covered way. =Advanced Ditch.= Is an excavation beyond the glacis of the _enceinte_, having its surface on the prolongation of that slope, that an enemy may find no shelter when in the ditch. =Advanced Guard.= A detachment of troops which precedes the march of the main body. =Advanced Guard Equipage.= See PONTONS. =Advanced Lunettes.= Works resembling bastions or ravelins, having faces or flanks. They are formed upon or beyond the glacis. =Advanced Works.= Are such as are constructed beyond the covered way and glacis, but within range of the musketry of the main works. =Advancement.= In a military sense, signifies honor, promotion, or preferment in the army, regiment, or company. =Advantage Ground.= That ground which affords the greatest facility for annoyance or resistance. =Adversary.= Generally applied to an enemy, but strictly an opponent in single combat. =Advising to Desert.= Punishable with death or otherwise, as a court-martial may direct. See APPENDIX, ARTICLES OF WAR, 51. =Advocate, Judge-.= See JUDGE-ADVOCATE. =Adynati.= Ancient name for invalid soldiers receiving pension from the public treasury. =Ægide= (_Æges_). A name, according to Homer, for a protecting covering wound around the left arm in the absence of a shield; used by Jupiter, Minerva, and Apollo. =Ægolethron= (_Gr._). A plant. This word means goat and death. It was believed by the ancients that this plant would kill goats only, if eaten by them. Xenophon reports that the soldiers of the army of the “Ten Thousand” tasted of some honey prepared from this plant which caused them to be affected with hallucinations. =Ægospotamos= (“Stream of the Goat”). A small river flowing into the Hellespont, in the Thracian Chersonese; is famous for the defeat of the Athenian fleet by the Lacedæmonians under Lysander, which put an end to the Peloponnesian war, and to the predominance of Athens in Greece, 405 B.C. =Æneatores.= In military antiquity, the musicians in an army, including those who sounded the trumpets, horns, etc.