=Alabama.= One of the Southern States of the American confederacy, is bounded on the north by Tennessee, east by Georgia, south by Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, and west by Mississippi. The celebrated exploring expedition of De Soto in 1541 is believed to have been the first visit of the white man to the wilds of Alabama. In the beginning of the 18th century the French built a fort on Mobile Bay, but the city of that name was not commenced till nine years later (1711). In 1763, the entire French possessions east of the Mississippi (except New Orleans) fell into the hands of the English. Alabama was incorporated first with Georgia, afterwards, in 1802, with the Mississippi Territory; but finally, in 1819, it became an independent member of the great American confederacy. In 1813 and 1814 the Creek Indians waged war on the settlers and massacred nearly 400 whites who had taken refuge at Fort Mimms, on the Alabama River. They were, however, soon reduced to subjection by Gen. Jackson, and after their defeat at Horseshoe Bend, March, 1814, the greater portion of their territory was taken from them, and they were subsequently removed to the Indian Territory. On the outbreak of the civil war in 1861, the temporary capital of the Confederate States was established at Montgomery, Ala., but it was soon afterwards removed to Richmond, Va. =Alabanda= (_Bour Dogan_, or Arab _Hissar_). A city in Asia Minor; destroyed by Labienus, a Roman general, in 38 B.C. =Alacays.= Name given by the ancients to a kind of soldiery, and afterwards to servants following an army. =Alage.= A mounted guard of the Byzantine emperors, doing duty in the palace of Constantinople, and defending, in case of danger, the person of the emperor. =Alaibeg.= A Turkish commander of regiments of levied troops. =Alamo, Fort=, or =The Alamo=. A celebrated fort in Bexar County, near San Antonio, Texas, where a small garrison of Texans bravely resisted a body of Mexicans ten times their number, and perished to a man, March 6, 1836. This spot has hence been called the Thermopylæ of Texas, and “Remember the Alamo!” was used as the battle-cry of the Texans in their war of independence. =Alanda.= Name of a legion formed by Julius Cæsar from the best warriors of the Gauls. =Aland Isles= (Gulf of Bothnia). Taken from Sweden by Russia, 1809. See BOMARSUND. =Alani.= A Tartar race; invaded Parthia, 75; were subdued by the Visigoths, 452, and eventually incorporated with them. =Alarcos= (Central Spain). Here the Spaniards under Alfonso IX., king of Castile, were totally defeated by the Moors, July 19, 1195. =Alares.= Name given by the Romans to troops which were placed on the wings of an army; these troops were generally furnished by allies. =Alarm.= A sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise, or the notice of such attack being actually made. It is generally signified by the discharge of fire-arms, the beat of a drum, etc. =Alarm Gun.= A gun fired to give an alarm.