To G. & C. MERRIAM, Publishers, for the use of Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary; J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, Philadelphia; D. VAN NOSTRAND, Publisher, New York; Maj. WILLIAM A. MARYE, Ordnance Department, U.S.A.; Maj. W. S. WORTH, Eighth Infantry, U.S.A.; Maj. D. T. WELLS, Eighth Infantry, U.S.A.; Lieut. F. A. WHITNEY, Adjutant Eighth Infantry, U.S.A.; Lieut. C. A. L. TOTTEN, Fourth Artillery, U.S.A.; Lieut. C. M. BAILY, Quartermaster Eighth Infantry, U.S.A.; and Lieut. G. P. SCRIVEN, Third Artillery, U.S.A., the compiler is indebted for courteous assistance in the preparation of this volume. OCTOBER, 1879. PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. In submitting this volume to the public it is deemed proper to say that the design of the work is to bring together into one series, and in as compact a form as possible for ready reference, such information as the student of the science and art of war, persons interested in the local or reserve forces, libraries, as well as the editors of the daily press, should possess. In short, it is believed that the work will be useful to individuals of all ranks and conditions. The compiler has labored under some disadvantages in obtaining the necessary information for this volume, and much is due to the encouragement and assistance received from accomplished and eminent officers, through which he was enabled to undertake the revision of the first issue of this work with greater assurance; and among the officers referred to, Lieut. WILLIAM R. QUINAN, of the Fourth Artillery, U.S.A., deserves especially to be mentioned. It may not be out of place here to state that the compiler takes no credit to himself beyond the labor contributed in the several years of research, and bringing forward to date the matter requiring it, with such changes as the advance of time and improvements demand. As it was thought best to make this work purely military, all naval references which appeared in the first edition have been eliminated. MAY, 1881. AUTHORITIES CONSULTED IN THE COMPILATION OF THIS WORK. ENGLISH AND AMERICAN WORKS. A HANDY DICTIONARY OF MILITARY TERMS--Knollys. AIDE MEMOIRE TO THE MILITARY SCIENCES--Originally edited by a Committee of the Royal Engineers in England (Revised and Enlarged). ANALYTICAL DIGEST OF THE MILITARY LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES--Scott. A TREATISE ON THE LAW OF EVIDENCE--Greenleaf. BEETON’S DICTIONARY OF UNIVERSAL BIOGRAPHY. BEETON’S DICTIONARY OF UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY. CHAMBERS’S ENCYCLOPÆDIA. CUSTOMS OF SERVICE FOR NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS OF THE ARMY--Kautz. CUSTOMS OF SERVICE FOR OFFICERS OF THE ARMY--Kautz. CLASSICAL DICTIONARY--Smith. DIGEST OF OPINIONS OF THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL--Winthrop. DICTIONARY OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY--Gardner. DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES--Smith. DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN BIOGRAPHY AND MYTHOLOGY--Smith. DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY--Smith.