[Illustration: HENRY W. NEVINSON Photograph by Elliott & Fry] A MODERN SLAVERY BY HENRY W. NEVINSON ILLUSTRATED [Illustration] LONDON AND NEW YORK HARPER _&_ BROTHERS PUBLISHERS MCMVI Copyright, 1906, by HARPER & BROTHERS. _All rights reserved._ Published May, 1906. DEDICATED TO MY SISTER MARIAN NEVINSON CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. INTRODUCTORY 1 II. PLANTATION SLAVERY ON THE MAINLAND 19 III. DOMESTIC SLAVERY ON THE MAINLAND 40 IV. ON ROUTE TO THE SLAVE CENTRE 59 V. THE AGENTS OF THE SLAVE-TRADE 83 VI. THE WORST PART OF THE SLAVE ROUTE 104 VII. SAVAGES AND MISSIONS 126 VIII. THE SLAVE ROUTE TO THE COAST 149 IX. THE EXPORTATION OF SLAVES 168 X. LIFE OF SLAVES ON THE ISLANDS 187 INDEX 211 ILLUSTRATIONS HENRY W. NEVINSON _Frontispiece_ MAP OF PORTUGUESE WEST AFRICA _Facing p._ 1 AN AFRICAN SWAMP ” 6 THE “KROOBOYS” WORKING A SHIP ALONG THE COAST ” 16 NATIVES IN CHARACTERISTIC DRESS ” 22 PLANTER’S HOUSE ON AN ANGOLA ESTATE ” 34 FIRST MAIL-STEAMER AT LOBITO BAY ” 40 END OF THE GREAT SLAVE ROUTE AT KATUMBELLA ” 42 AWKWARD CROSSING ” 60 CATHOLIC MISSION AT CACONDA ” 78 CARRIERS ON THE MARCH ” 84 BIHÉAN MUSICIANS ” 96 CROSSING THE CUANZA ” 104 NATIVES BURNING GRASS FOR SALT ” 108 SKELETON OF SLAVE ON A PATH THROUGH THE HUNGRY COUNTRY ” 112 A CHIBOKWE FORGE WHERE NATIVE SPEARS ARE MADE ” 128 A CHIBOKWE WOMAN AND HER FETICHES ” 132 ON THE WAY TO THE COAST ” 150 CARRIERS’ REST-HUTS ” 160 “ALL DAY LONG THEY LIE ABOUT THE LOWER DECK” ” 176 THE WOMEN HARDLY STIRRED AS WE APPROACHED SAN THOMÉ ” 182 LINED UP ON THE PIER AT SAN THOMÉ ” 184 SLAVE QUARTERS ON A PLANTATION ” 192 SLAVES WAITING FOR RATIONS ON SUNDAY ” 194 PREFACE The following chapters describe my journey in the Portuguese province of Angola (West Central Africa), and in the Portuguese islands of San Thomé and Principe, during the years 1904, and 1905.