The cement-glands, the trunk, and the ducts, except the two, three, or even four last-formed ones, are all filled with an apparently solid thread of transparent, brownish cement, differing in no respect from the cement under the central parts of the basal membrane. In one instance, in which the last-formed pair of glands and ducts had apparently been only just developed, they were so perfectly transparent that I could distinguish them only under certain lights, and I could not perceive any contents. The last-formed glands and ducts always appear very delicate, and include a tube of very delicate tissue, containing more or less of granular matter. The next succeeding pair of glands and ducts are always more opaque, and contain much more granular matter; which, in the next, or next but one, may be seen passing into the state of pale brown, transparent chitine. I have seen some most distinct instances, in which, in the same duct, the part towards the centre of the basis was filled with homogeneous cement, and the part towards the circumference with still plainly granular matter. In the successive circular slips of cement-tissue, lying attached under the circumferential slip and under the two or three succeeding slips of basal membrane, an exactly analogous series of changes is presented; as indeed might have been expected, as the slips of cement are absolutely continuous with the contents of the ducts. Moreover, if a vertical section be made across one of the last-formed slips of cement, it may sometimes be seen to be apparently in the act of separating into layers, with the lower layers more pulpy, elastic, and white than the upper layers, which are less coherent, and show as yet even still less the character of cement. The cement under the circumferential and adjoining slips, often presents a peculiar wrinkled appearance, in lines conformable with the outline of the basal membrane; but I do not believe that these are real wrinkles, though so like them; they seem to consist of sinuous threads, longer or shorter, sometimes slightly branched, crossing and inter-joined, and composed apparently of faintly coloured cement. I suspect that these threads are formed by the union and subsequent drawing out of aggregations of that matter, which within the ducts is first granular, and then changes into cement; for at the orifices of the ducts these wrinkled threads sweep outwards in curved lines on both sides. The cement in these early stages adheres, with very little force, to the basal membrane; and with only a little more force to the underlying layers of cement; in fact, till it assumes the brown translucent appearance, like solid glue, it hardly seems to act as cement.