A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.Darwin, Charles
Science
A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia (Volume 2 of 2): The Balanidæ, (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidæ, etc., etc.
Darwin, Charles
Balanidae; Cirripedia
_Elminius Kingii._--The cement-glands here resemble those of
Chelonobia, but the trunk does not seem to be enlarged before
entering the gland. The glands are situated rather far apart; and
the chief peculiarity is, that the trunk connecting the glands is
as tortuous as the track of a worm. Each gland gives out two ducts,
which bifurcate repeatedly, and often inosculate, making, in parts,
an hexagonal mesh-work: some of the branches do not debouch on the
basal membrane, but terminate in blunt points. So numerous are the
ducts, that the basal membrane may be compared to pieces of paper
with the fine fibrous branching roots of some plant dried and heaped
on it. Some of these ducts are very regularly jointed, and resemble
a conferva,--an appearance which I believe is owing to divisions in
the contained cement; other ducts are partially marked by little
wrinkles, as presently to be described under Balanus. The cement,
instead of, as heretofore, invariably forming a slip round and beneath
the circumference of the basal membrane, here often forms little,
independent, circular, and irregularly-shaped discs, each of which has
issued from a single orifice. I may here add that in two species of
_Tetraclita_ I saw the cement-ducts repeatedly bifurcating, with some
of the branches inosculating, as in Elminius and Chelonobia.
In _Balanus balanoides_, which, like all the Cirripedes hitherto
mentioned, has a membranous basis, I could only make out an amazing
number of bifurcating and inosculating cement-ducts, of very various
diameters. The cement-tissue, on the under side of the basal membrane,
generally consisted of little circular discs, on an average from 2 to
5/1000ths of an inch in diameter; but there were also globules and
short tortuous threads of cement. In some very much elongated and
crowded specimens--in which, during the downward growth of the walls,
the basal membrane had ceased to reach the surface of attachment, and
being thus suspended had become, as viewed from the outside, deeply
concave--the cement had apparently continued to try to reach the rock,
and now hung down in the form of two thickish roots, some tenths of
an inch in length. These roots were round, and tapered either to a
fine or blunt point; one was doubled on itself, and so had become
united; in the other, I could perceive five layers or sheaths of the
cement-tissue, one within the other; the innermost of these layers,
which once, no doubt, formed the outside surface of the root, was only
a quarter of its present length.
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