A Moslem seeker after God : $b showing Islam at its best in the life and teaching of al-Ghazali, mystic and theologian of the eleventh centuryZwemer, Samuel Marinus
Philosophy
A Moslem seeker after God : $b showing Islam at its best in the life and teaching of al-Ghazali, mystic and theologian of the eleventh century
Zwemer, Samuel Marinus
Ghazzali, 1058-1111
The paragraphs or sections of this handbook are entitled: Ethics of the
believer in the presence of God; of the teacher; of the pupil; of those
who hear the Koran read; of the reader; of the school-teacher; of those
who seek to understand Tradition; of the scribe; of the preacher; of
the ascetic; of the nobleman; ethics of sleeping; of night-watching;
of fulfilling a call of nature; of the bath; of washing; of entering
the mosque; of the call to prayer; of prayer; of intercession; of the
Friday sermon; of the feast-days; of conduct during an eclipse; of
conduct during drought; of sickness; of funerals; of almsgiving; of the
rich and the poor; of fasting; of pilgrimage; of the merchant; of the
money-changer; of eating and drinking; of marriage (this has several
subdivisions); of sitting by the wayside; of the child with its parents;
of the parent with the child; of brothers; of neighbours; of the master
with the servant; of the Sultan with his subjects; of the Judge; of
the witness; of the prisoner. The final chapter of this interesting
treatise deals with miscellaneous maxims on polite behaviour under all
circumstances.
A translation of the section on eating, which is about the same length as
the other paragraphs, will give a clear idea of the contents: “One should
wash one’s hands before partaking of food and after, and pronounce the
name of God before beginning to eat, and eat with the right hand. Take
small portions from the dish, chew the food thoroughly, and do not look
into the faces of the other guests while you are eating; nor should you
recline nor eat to excess beyond the demands of hunger; and you should
ask to be excused as soon as you have had enough, so that your guest
may not be embarrassed or any one who has greater need. And one should
eat from the edge of the platter and not from the middle, and wipe his
fingers after the meal, and return praise to God. Nor should one mention
death at dinner for fear of bringing bad luck upon those who are present.”
All this is interesting and important, for the Moslem child, as table
etiquette. Obedience, humility in outward behaviour, reverence in the
mosque, respect “to those above us in age or station,” and many other
social virtues are likewise commended. But the omissions of the Book
surprise us. There is nothing on truth, heart-purity, moral courage or
the nobility of chivalry—_the things that make a man_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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