A new system of chemical philosophy, Volume 2, Part 1Dalton, John
Science
A new system of chemical philosophy, Volume 2, Part 1
Dalton, John
Atomic theory; Chemistry, Inorganic
This curious subject has attracted much less attention than it
deserves. Very little has been published relating to it since the time
of Dr. Henry’s essays and my own, now more than twenty years ago.
The only author I remember is M. Saussure of Geneva, who published a
similar essay about twelve years afterwards. See Thomson’s Annals of
Philosophy, Vol. 6. He investigates the quantities of gases absorbed
by various solid bodies, in a manner which I do not fully comprehend;
he then treats of the absorption of gases by liquids, adverting at
the same time to Dr. Henry’s experiments and mine. My enquiries were
principally confined to _one_ liquid, water; but I made a few trials
with others, such as weak aqueous solutions of salts, alcohol, &c.,
and observing no remarkable differences, I concluded somewhat too
hastily that “most liquids free from viscidity, such as acids, alcohol,
&c., absorb the same quantity of gases as pure water.” Manchester
memoirs, new series, Vol. 1. M. Saussure however asserts that there
are considerable differences in liquids in this respect. He finds
sulphuretted hydrogen to be more absorbable by water than Dr. Henry
and I did; in this I find he is right. Water takes about 2½ its bulk
of this gas when pure; and it seldom had been obtained unmixed with
hydrogen when Dr. Henry and I made our experiments upon its absorption.
In regard to carbonic acid, nitrous oxide, and olefiant gas, M.
Saussure nearly agrees with us; but his results with oxygen gas,
carbonic oxide, carburetted hydrogen, hydrogen and azote, would prove
that water absorbs twice the quantities of each that we have assigned.
I have no doubt he is wrong in the less absorbable gases. In the case
of absorption of mixed gases, Saussure has given four examples, in
which he finds the results to militate against my theoretic view, as
stated at page 201, Vol. 1.; namely, that water takes the same quantity
of each in a mixed state as it would do if they were separate, and in
other respects in like circumstances. But I have shewn in the Annals of
Philos. Vol. 7, 1816, that his results coincide as near as any one can
expect with the views which I have all along taken of this subject.
It will be seen, page 173, that another gas has been found to coincide
with olefiant gas in absorbability; namely, phosphuretted hydrogen.
FLUORIC ACID.--DEUTOXIDE OF HYDROGEN.
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