A new system of chemical philosophy, Volume 2, Part 1 — John Shaqi
A new system of chemical philosophy, Volume 2, Part 1Dalton, John
Science
A new system of chemical philosophy, Volume 2, Part 1
Dalton, John
Atomic theory; Chemistry, Inorganic
According to this conclusion then the red oxide of lead or minium of
commerce is constituted of 1 atom of oxygen holding 6 atoms of yellow
oxide together; or it is composed of 100 lead and 9.07 oxygen. When
it is digested in cold acetic acid the residuum constitutes another
oxide consisting of 1 atom of oxygen and 3 of yellow oxide, or 100
lead and 10.4 oxygen, possessing the same colour as the former, but
distinguishable by its not being acted on by cold acetic acid, and by
its containing twice as much brown oxide and extra oxygen as minium. No
doubt the other intermediate oxides of 1 to 4 and 1 to 5 exist, and are
all alike red; but have not perhaps any remarkable distinctions besides
their containing different proportions of oxygen and brown oxide.
Whether an oxide consisting of 1 oxygen and 2 yellow oxide exists, I
have not discovered; but that 1 oxygen and 1 yellow oxide are found
united, appears below.
III. _Deutoxide._ This is the flea-brown oxide mentioned above. It may
also be obtained by treating solutions of salts containing the yellow
oxide by oxymuriate of lime, in which case the oxide is precipitated,
leaving the acid in the liquor, a proof that it is insoluble in
acids. Its more remarkable properties are: 1st. like the red oxide,
when heated to a low red, or treated with sulphuric acid, it yields
oxygenous gas, and more copiously; it is thus reduced to the yellow
oxide: 2d. with muriatic acid it yields oxymuriatic acid in great
plenty and muriate of lead: 3d. it detonates when rubbed with sulphur
in a mortar.
The quantity of oxygen in the brown oxide is stated by Thomson at 25
oxygen to 100 lead, by Berzelius at 15.6 to 100. This last is very
nearly right by my experience, and being just double of the oxygen
in the protoxide, it warrants us in denominating it the deutoxide.
Berzelius finds 100 of the brown oxide lose 6.5 by a red heat so as
to reduce it to the yellow; Dr. Thomson finds the loss 9 grains. This
difference is easily accounted for; it loses, I find, from 7 to 10
grains per cent. according to the previous degree of dryness; when
exposed to a moist atmosphere it attracts humidity; when dried in a
temperature of 200° and exposed to red heat immediately after, it does
not lose more than 6.5 or 7 per cent. This is corroborated too by the
oxygen expelled by sulphuric acid. From 100 grains of brown oxide and
sulphuric acid in a gas bottle, I obtained by the heat of a lamp 8.3
oz. of oxygenous gas = 5.3 grains; about 120 grains of grey sulphate
of lead were left in the bottle. The oxygen is rather less than was
expected; but it must be remembered that 100 grains of brown oxide,
obtained in the ordinary way, have the insoluble dross of 500 red oxide
in them, which must have some influence in diminishing the production
of oxygen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account