A note on the position and extent of the great temple enclosure of Tenochtitlan,: and the position, structure and orientation of the Teocolli of Huitzilopochtli.Maudslay, Alfred Percival
History
A note on the position and extent of the great temple enclosure of Tenochtitlan,: and the position, structure and orientation of the Teocolli of Huitzilopochtli.
Maudslay, Alfred Percival
Huitzilopochtli (Aztec deity); Indian architecture -- Mexico; Mexico City (Mexico) -- Antiquities
“This temple occupies a square, from corner to corner the length of a
crossbow shot. The stone wall has four gateways corresponding to the
four principal streets.... In the middle of this space is an edifice of
earth and massive stone four square like the court, and of the breadth
of fifty fathoms from corner to corner. On the west side there are no
terraces but 113 or 114 steps leading up to the top. _All the people of
the city[10] look and pray towards the sunrise_ and on this account they
build their large temples in this manner.... In addition to this tower
with its chapels placed on the top of the pyramid, there were forty or
more other towers great and small on other smaller Teocallis standing in
the same enclosure (circuito) as this great one, and although they were
of the same form, _they did not look to the east_ but to other parts of
the heaven, to differentiate them from the Great Temple. Some were
larger than others, and each one (dedicated) to a different god.”
The confusion of thought between a temple that faced the east and a
temple where the worshippers faced the east is evident.
There can be little doubt that the steps of the Great Teocalli were on
the west side, that the Oratories of Huitzilopochtli and Taloc were on
the east side of the summit platform, and that their doorways faced the
west. _The priest and worshippers faced the east to watch the sunrise at
the equinox in the narrow space between the two oratories_, and because
the alignment was not quite correct Montezuma wished to pull down the
oratories and rebuild them.
Following from this, it appears to me that Duran was probably not far
from correct in placing the great green sacrificial stone “fronting the
_two_ chambers,” but that Ixtlilxochitl was still more accurate in
placing it towards (hacia) the doorway of the sanctuary of
Huitzilopochtli. The heart of the human victim would be torn out and
held up to the rising sun from the spot where the priest stood to
observe the sunrise.
It will at once be urged against this solution of the difficulties
attending the orientation of the Great Teocalli that the plan and
tracings locate the Teocalli eight degrees from the east and west line,
and that, therefore, my explanation fails. To this I can only reply that
I plotted the measurements, taking the east and west line of the Calle
de Tacuba from the modern map as a datum, and this may vary slightly
from the ancient line of the street. Then I have observed in Maya
temples that sometimes the shrines stand slightly askew from the base:
this is clearly noticeable at Chichén Itzá. If the error of 8° were
divided between the lines of the Temple enclosure, the base of the
Teocalli, and the sides of the oratories, the difference would not
easily be perceptible.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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