At the outset of the war Russia had in Manchuria about 45,700 men and 120 field guns. Of this force about 20,000 men were at Port Arthur, 4,400 at Talienwan, 1,400 at Yinkow, 1,150 at Haicheng, 1,900 at Liao-Yang, 2,750 at Tieling, north of Mukden, 1,250 at Ninguta in northeast Manchuria, 4,550 at Harbin, 1,950 at Tsitsihar in northwest Manchuria, and the rest in the smaller garrisons scattered through the territory from northeast Manchuria to Port Arthur. In addition there was a separate organization of railway patrol troops stationed in small bodies at many points on and near the railway. On January 1, 1904, the number of these railway troops was estimated at 15,200 with 32 guns, so that the grand total at the beginning of the war was about 60,000 men with about 150 field guns. In spite of the pressure on the Siberian Railroad and the hard marches cross Lake Baikal in the winter, Russia soon found that, however many millions she might have in Europe, she could not maintain in the field, at the end of 6,000 miles of single track, more than 300,000 troops, and keep them fully supplied with food, ammunition, and fresh men to take the place of the killed, wounded, and sick. During all this campaigning in Manchuria the Japanese showed the same preparedness and mobility which had been so strikingly characteristic of them during the earlier months of the war. They knew at all times the strength of their enemy as well as they knew the country, and to the information gathered by their spies and outposts was added that supplied by a generally friendly native population. [Illustration: RUSSIAN TROOPS DETRAINING AT MUKDEN EARLY IN MARCH ] [Illustration: GATEWAY IN MUKDEN’S PRINCIPAL STREET ] [Illustration: CHINESE CARTS USED BY OFFICERS AND CIVILIANS ] [Illustration: RUSSIAN OFFICERS AT THE STAFF HEADQUARTERS, MUKDEN ] [Illustration: MUKDEN STREET DURING THE EARLY DAYS OF THE WAR ] MUKDEN, WHEN THE JAPANESE WERE STILL MANY MILES AWAY [Illustration: ARRIVAL OF THE FIFTH ARMY CORPS AT MUKDEN ] [Illustration: RUSSIAN COSSACKS FROM THE CAUCASUS ] [Illustration: ADMINISTERING THE SACRAMENT TO SOLDIERS BEFORE THEIR DEPARTURE FOR THE FRONT ] RUSSIANS AT MUKDEN ON THEIR WAY TO THE FRONT [Illustration: A FLYING COLUMN OF RED CROSS SURGEONS ] [Illustration: RUSSIAN FIELD TELEPHONES IN TRENCHES ] [Illustration: NINETEENTH EAST SIBERIAN RIFLE CORPS AT PRAYER ] [Illustration: EVENING SERVICE FOR THOSE FALLEN IN BATTLE ] WITH THE RUSSIANS IN MANCHURIA [Illustration: GENERAL KUROPATKIN PASSING GENERAL HERSCHELMANN’S DIVISION ] [Illustration: GENERAL LEVISTAIN GIVING ORDERS TO HIS STAFF ] [Illustration: GENERAL PLESCHKOFF INSPECTING HIS COMMAND ] [Illustration: THE REGIMENTAL BAND PLAYING IN THE WILDS OF MANCHURIA ] WITH THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE IN MANCHURIA [Illustration: PRINCE TROUBESKAY AND HIS STAFF ] [Illustration: