Associated with the stems of Lepidodendra, and oftentimes imbedded in masses of their foliage, and in some instances attached to the extremities of the branches, are numerous oblong or cylindrical scaly cones, garnished with leaves: an imperfect specimen is figured in Plate IX. fig. 1, and the vertical section of another in Plate III. fig. 6. These cones have received the name of _Lepidostrobi_ (Scaly-cones), and are the seed-vessels or fruits of the Lepidodendra.[24] [Footnote 24: See Medals of Creation, p. 147, and lign. 31, p. 149.] These fossils often form the nuclei of the ironstone nodules from Coalbrook Dale, and are invested with a pure white hydrate of alumina; the leaflets, or more properly bracteæ, are often replaced by galena, or sulphuret of lead, giving rise to specimens of great beauty and interest, as examples of the electro-chemical changes which these fruits of the carboniferous forests have undergone. The fossils figured in this Plate, are portions of a stem eleven feet in length, from near Hoyland, Yorkshire. Fig. 1, is from the upper part, and shows the carbonized scales attached; fig. 2, represents part of the lower end, in which the scales are decorticated, from the adhesion of the bark to the surrounding shale. A. Shows the cicatrix, with its transverse gland that connects the scale, in the upper part of the trunk. B. Exposes the interstice between the scales in the lower portion of the stem. C. A section of the hollow cicatrix. [Illustration: Plate XXVII.] PLATE XXVII. "Lychnophorite." (_Lychnophorites superus_, of Artis.) The fossil figured under the above name by Mr. Artis, is part of a large branch of a tree, the surface of which is covered with the cicatrices of leaf-stalks, as in the Lepidodendron. The form of the cicatrix and point of attachment is shown at B; figure A, is the restored outline of a leaf. "Dr. Martins refers the fossil plants of this type to a recent shrubby genus of syngenesious plants, which cover the plains of Brazil, and which he names _Lychnophora_, whence he formed this fossil genus, by changing the termination to _ites_, according to the common usage."--_Artis._ The specimen represented is in sandstone, from Swinton Common, near Rotherham, Yorkshire. This tree seems to be closely allied to the Lepidodendra. [Illustration: Plate XXVIII.] PLATE XXVIII. "Eared Neuropterite." (_Neuropteris auriculata_, Brongniart. Hist. Veg. Foss. tab. 66. _Filicites Osmunda_, of Artis.) The general aspect of this beautiful filicite very much resembles that of our well-known flowering fern, the elegant _Osmunda regalis_; the auriculated or one-eared base of the lanceolated leaflets forms, however, a distinguishing character. It belongs to the genus _Neuropteris_ (nerved-leaf fern) of M. Brongniart, which comprises many species of delicately-veined ferns: the veins in this fossil plant are very fine, arched, and rise obliquely from the base of the leaflet.