Wine and beer, when they turn sowr, become vinegar. They make mede of wine and honey. [Illustration: Brewing Beer _Conjectural sketch_] [Illustration: Drawing. Where Wine is not to be had they drink Beer, which is brewed of Malt 1, and Hops 2, in a Caldron 3, afterwards it is powred into Vatts 4, and when it is cold, it is carried in Soes 5, into the Cellar 6, and is put into Vessels. Brandy-wine, extracted by the power of heat from dregs of Wine in a Pan 7, over which a Limbeck 8, is placed droppeth thorow a Pipe 9, into a Glass. Wine and Beer, when they turn sowr, become Vinegar. They make Mede of Wine and Honey. Courtesy Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D. C. Beer, Brandy, Mead, and Vinegar These beverages may have been made at Jamestown in a building somewhat similar to the one shown in the 1685 engraving. From _Orbis Sensualium Pictus_ by Johann Comenius (London, 1685).] [Illustration: _Photo courtesy National Park Service._ Artifacts Unearthed Relating To Brewing And Distilling Shown are lead and copper pipes, kettle fragments, a brass spigot, and scrap metal. It is believed that most of the beer and ale brewed at Jamestown after 1620 was made by the common brewer. One act, passed in 1620/21 "for the repressinge of the odious ... sinne of drunkenesse," stated that "noe person ... shall at any tyme ... brewe anie beere or ale, and sell the same againe in his or her house ... unless it bee in townes where there is noe comon brewer."] HERBS AND MEDICINAL PLANTS Among commodities which the early Jamestown settlers searched for were herbs and medicinal plants. It is possible that Thomas Wotton and Will Wilkinson, surgeons with the first colony, were the first members of the English medical profession to collect and experiment with New World plants. The few colonists who wrote of their travels in Virginia frequently made mention of the herbs and native plants. George Percy related that five days after the settlers had planted their colony at Jamestown, May 19, 1607, that "One of the savages brought us on the way to the wood-side, where there was a garden of tobacco and other fruits and herbes." On an exploring trip upriver from Jamestown in late May, 1607, Gabriel Archer recorded that "One [savage] shewed us the herbe called in their tongue _wisacan_, which they say heales poysoned woundes, it is like lyverwort or bloudwort." John Smith mentioned the spring herbs, though he did not know their names: "Many _hearbes_ in the spring time there are common dispersed throughout the woods, good for brothes and sallets, as violets, purslin, sorrell, &c. Besides many we used whose names we know not."