A Pictorial Booklet on Early Jamestown Commodities and IndustriesHudson, J. Paul
History
A Pictorial Booklet on Early Jamestown Commodities and Industries
Hudson, J. Paul
Virginia -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
We are carried on a Sled 1, over Snow, and Ice. A Carriage with one
Wheel is called a Wheel-barrow; 2, with two Wheels a Cart; 3, with four
Wheels a Wagon, which is either a Timber-wagon 4, or a Load-wagon 5. The
parts of a Wagon, are, the Neep, (or draught-tree,) 6, the Beam 7, the
Bottom 8, and the Sides 9, 10. Then the Axle-trees 10, about which the
Wheels run the Lin-Pins 11, and Axletree-staves 12, being fastened
before them. The Nave 13, is the ground-fast of the Wheel 14, from which
com twelve Spokes; 15. The Ring encompasseth these, which is made of six
Fellows 16, and as many Strakes 17, Hampiers, & Hurdles 18, are set
in a Wagon.
Courtesy Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D. C.
Seventeenth Century Carriages
Wheeled vehicles used at Jamestown 300 years ago were probably similar
in appearance to the ones shown in the 1685 engraving. A wheelbarrow,
cart, timber wagon, load wagon, and sled are illustrated.
From _Orbis Sensualium Pictus_ by Johann Comenius (London, 1685).]
Spinning
[Illustration: Spinning
Line and Hemp, being rated in water, and dried again 1, are braked with
a wooden Brake 2, where the Shives 3, fall down, then they are heckled
with an Iron Heckle 4, where the Tow 5, is parted from it. Flax is tied
to a Distaff 6, by the Spinster 7, which with her left hand pulleth out
the Thred 8, and with her righte hand turneth a Wheel 9, or a Spindle
10, upon which is a Wharl 11. The Spool receiveth the Thred 13, which is
drawn thence upon a Yarn-windle; 14, hence either Clewes 15, are wound
up, or Hanks 16, are made.
Courtesy Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D. C.
Making Linen Thread
The various steps depicted in the making of linen thread were used at
Jamestown during the seventeenth century.
From _Orbis Sensualium Pictus_ by Johann Comenius (London, 1685). ]
Bread-Baking
[Illustration: Bread-Baking.
The Baker 1, sifteth the Meal in a Rindge 2, and putteth it into the
Kneading-trough 3. Then he powreth water to it, and maketh Dough 4, and
kneadeth it with a wooden slice 5. Then he maketh Loaves 6, Cakes 7,
Cimnels 8, Rolls 9. &c. Afterwards he setteth them on a Peel 10, and
putteth them thorow ye Oven-mouth 12, into the Oven 11. But first he
pulleth out the fire, and the coals with a Coal-rake 13, which he layeth
on a heap underneath 14. And thus is Bread baked, having the Crust
without 15, and ye Crumb within 16.
Courtesy Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D. C.
Baking Bread In 1685
The seventeenth century engraving shows how bread was baked almost 300
years ago.
From _Orbis Sensualium Pictus_ by Johann Comenius (London, 1685).]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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