We are living in an age when the contrast between intellectual complexity and emotional simplicity is becoming so great that the emotional reactions and, because of them, the creative and destructive acts of men are more and more unpredictable and variegated. Intellectual attainment has reached an extraordinary height. Emotions have not been trained or developed, if indeed they are capable of development. They may not be, though it will be assumed in a later chapter that they are susceptible of the kind of training that is produced by reassociation. Emotions are the organic sensations perceived by the ego as the result of reactions, caused by impressions from the external world, reactions taking place within the tissues of the body, and associated with external impressions. Emotions are no more complex than they were thousands of years ago. When we say that the emotions of one man are finer than those of another man we may mean either that he has repressed his sexual emotions, which we have not been taught to call fine, or that his emotions of surprise, awe, love, hate, jealousy and others are aroused by, that is, associated with, more complicated external impressions than they are in another man. Or we may call fine emotions the constructive emotions with which pleasure is associated. The emotions as physical reactions have not changed in ages of evolution. We have the same bodies as sounding boards on which the external impressions reverberate, the same bodies practically that men had five thousand years ago. But the number and variety of external experiences has multiplied in geometrical ratio. The result is that, while intellectually we are men of 1923, emotionally we may be cave men or apes. With the products of modern civilization, the material advances and complications, the means of intercommunication, of graphic representation and of the transformation of natural resources we are, as Robinson says in _The Mind in the Making_, merely _monkeying_. In spite of numerous sporadic beginnings in the line of social use of the results of modern scientific advancement we are as a race making almost no progress in the direction of fine living. § 2 This is no more clearly evident in any other sphere of life than in marriage. With all the intellectual progress made by humanity up to the first quarter of the twentieth century marriage is still looked upon by many men merely as an opportunity for either legitimized procreation or unlimited sensual self-gratification. A man puts as much intellect into his vocation as he is capable of. Into his marriage he puts not intellect, but the emotions of the ancestral ape. Even in his sublimated war of business he knows that a consideration of the other fellow is in the end a winning card, and the word “service” has come into prominence as advertising material. But in his marriage he uses the same crassly selfish methods he has used for thousands, perhaps millions of years.