HENRY IV, RICHELIEU, AND MAZARIN. Brief general accounts: H. O. Wakeman, _The Ascendancy of France, 1598-1715_ (1894), ch. i-vii; Mary A. Hollings, _Renaissance and Reformation, 1453-1660_ (1910), ch. xi, xii; J. H. Sacret, _Bourbon and Vasa, 1610-1715_ (1914), ch. i-vii; A. J. Grant, _The French Monarchy, 1483-1789_, Vol. I (1900), ch. vi-ix; G. W. Kitchin, _A History of France_, 3d and 4th editions (1894-1899), Vol. II, Book IV, ch. i-iii, Vol. III, Book IV, ch. iv-viii; H. T. Dyer, _A History of Modern Europe from the Fall of Constantinople_, 3d ed. rev. by Arthur Hassall (1901), ch. xxix-xxxv; Victor Duruy, _History of Modern Times_, trans. and rev. by E. A. Grosvenor (1894), ch. xvii, xviii, xx; _Cambridge Modern History_, Vol. II, ch. xx (by Stanley Leathes, on Henry IV), Vol. IV, ch. iv (on Richelieu), xxi (on Mazarin); _Histoire générale_, Vol. V, ch. vi-viii, Vol. VI, ch. i. More detailed works: _Histoire de France_, ed. by Ernest Lavisse, Vol. VI, Part I (1904), Livre IV (on Henry IV), Vol. VI, Part II (1905), Livres I-III (on Henry IV and Richelieu, by J. H. Mariéjol), Vol. VII, Part I (1906), Livre I (on Mazarin, by E. Lavisse); P. F. Willert, _Henry of Navarre_ (1897), in "Heroes of the Nations" Series; C. C. Jackson, _The First of the Bourbons_, 2 vols. (1890); J. B. Perkins, _Richelieu and the Growth of French Power_ (1900), in the "Heroes of the Nations" Series, and, by the same author, an admirable writer and authority on the whole period, _France under Mazarin_, 2 vols. (1886); Georges (Vicomte) d'Avenel, _Richelieu et la monarchie absolue_, 4 vols. (1884-1890), the foremost French work on the subject; Gabriel Hanotaux, _Origines de l'institution des intendants de provinces_ (1884), a careful study of the beginnings of the office of intendant by a famous French statesman and historian; P. A. Chéruel, _Histoire de France pendant la minorité de Louis XIV_, 4 vols. (1879-1880), and, by the same author, _Histoire de France sous le ministère de Mazarin, 1651-1661_, 3 vols. (1882), a very elaborate treatment of Mazarin's public career in France; Louis Batiffol, _The Century of the Renaissance in France_, Eng. trans. by Elsie F. Buckley (1916), containing an excellent chapter on the French monarchy at the close of the sixteenth century.