[Footnote 419: Faye, _Comptes Rendus_, t. lx., p. 818.] [Footnote 420: _Ibid._, t. xii., p. 648.] [Footnote 421: _Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. of Science_, 1885, p. 85.] [Footnote 422: _Observations at Redhill_, p. 221.] [Footnote 423: _Am. Jour. of Science_, vol. xi., p. 169.] [Footnote 424: _Month. Not._, vol. xix., p. 1.] [Footnote 425: _Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturfors. Gesellschaft_ (Zürich), 1859, p. 252.] [Footnote 426: Lockyer, _Chemistry of the Sun_, p. 428.] [Footnote 427: Maunder, _Knowledge_, vol. xv., p. 130.] [Footnote 428: _Month. Mon._, vol. l., p. 251.] [Footnote 429: Maunder, _Knowledge_, vol. xvii., p. 173.] [Footnote 430: _Astr. Nach._, No. 1,315.] [Footnote 431: As late as 1866 an elaborate treatise in its support was written by F. Coyteux, entitled _Qu'est-ce que le Soleil? Peut-il être habité?_ and answering the question in the affirmative.] [Footnote 432: The subsequent researches of Plücker, Frankland, Wüllner, and others, showed that gases strongly compressed give an absolutely unbroken spectrum.] [Footnote 433: _Comptes Rendus_, t. lx., pp. 89, 138.] [Footnote 434: _Ibid._, t. c., p. 595.] [Footnote 435: _Bull. Meteor. dell Osservatorio dell Coll. Rom._, Jan. 1, 1864, p. 4.] [Footnote 436: _Quart. Jour. of Science_, vol. i., p. 222.] [Footnote 437: _Ann. de Chim. et de Phys._, t. xxii., p. 127.] [Footnote 438: _Phil. Trans._, vol. clix., p. 575.] [Footnote 439: _Les Mondes_, Dec. 22, 1864, p. 707.] [Footnote 440: _Comptes Rendus_, t. lx., p. 147.] [Footnote 441: _Proc. Roy. Society_, vol. xvi., p. 29.] [Footnote 442: _Recherches sur le Spectre Solaire_, p. 38.] [Footnote 443: _Am. Jour. of Science_, 1881, vol. xxi., p. 41. Hastings stipulated only for some member of the triad, carbon, silicon, and boron.] [Footnote 444: Ranyard, _Knowledge_, vol. xvi., p. 190.] [Footnote 445: Young, _The Sun_, p. 337, ed. 1897.] [Footnote 446: H. Draper, _Quart. Journ. of Sc._, vol. i., p. 381; also _Phil. Mag._, vol. xvii., 1840, p. 222.] [Footnote 447: Reproduced in Arago's _Popular Astronomy_, plate xii., vol. 1.] [Footnote 448: _Report Brit. Ass._, 1859, p. 148.] [Footnote 449: _Phil. Trans._, vol. clii., p. 407.] [Footnote 450: _Researches in Solar Physics_, part i., p. 20.] [Footnote 451: Both the phrase and the method were suggested by Faye, who estimated the average depth of the luminous sheath of spots at 2,160 miles. _Comptes Rendus_, t. lxi., p. 1082; t. xcvi., p. 356.] [Footnote 452: _Month. Not._, vol. lv., p. 74.] [Footnote 453: Sidgreaves, _Ibid._, p. 282; Cortie, _Ibid._, vol. lviii., p. 91.] [Footnote 454: Explained by East as refraction-effects. _Jour. Brit. Astr. Ass._, vol. viii., p. 187.] [Footnote 455: _Proc. Roy. Soc._, vol. xiv., p. 39.] [Footnote 456: _Potsdam Publicationen_, No. 18; _Astr. Nach._, Nos. 3,000, 3,287.] [Footnote 457: Faye, _Comptes Rendus_, t. cxi., p. 77; Bélopolsky, _Astr. Nach._, No. 2,991.] [Footnote 458: _Ibid._, Nos. 3,275, 3,344.]