[Footnote 459: Lockyer, _Contributions to Solar Physics_, p. 70.] [Footnote 460: _Le Soleil_, p. 87.] [Footnote 461: _Proc. Roy. Soc._, vol. xv., p. 256.] [Footnote 462: _Phil. Mag._, vol. xvi., p. 460.] [Footnote 463: _Recherches sur la Rotation du Soleil_, p. 12.] [Footnote 464: Hale, _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi., p. 814.] [Footnote 465: _Jour. Brit. Astr. Ass._, vol. i., p. 177.] [Footnote 466: _Comptes Rendus_, t. lxxv., p. 1664; _Revue Scientifique_, t. v., p. 359 (1883). Mr. Herbert Spencer had already (in _The Reader_, Feb. 25, 1865) put forward an opinion that spots were of the nature of "cyclonic clouds."] [Footnote 467: _The Sun_, p. 174. For Faye's answer to the objection, see _Comptes Rendus_, t. xcv., p. 1310.] [Footnote 468: A revised edition appeared in 1897.] [Footnote 469: _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii., p. 832.] [Footnote 470: _Proc. Roy. Soc._, No. 244.] [Footnote 471: _Astr. Nach._, No. 3,146; _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii., pp. 419, 736.] [Footnote 472: _Sirius_, Sept., 1893; _ibid._, vol. xxiii., p. 97; _Astrophy. Jour._, vol. i., p. 112 (Wilczynski), p. 178 (Keeler); vol. ii., p. 73 (Hale).] [Footnote 473: _Month. Not._, vol. xx., p. 13.] [Footnote 474: _Ibid._, p. 15.] [Footnote 475: _Am. Jour._, vol. xxix. (2nd series), pp. 94, 95.] [Footnote 476: The magnetic disturbance took place at 11.15 A.M., three minutes before the solar blaze compelled the attention of Carrington.] [Footnote 477: _Phil. Trans._, vol. cli., p. 428.] [Footnote 478: Maunder, _Journal Brit. Astr. Ass._, vol. ii., p. 386; Miss E. Brown, _Ibid._, p. 210; Month. Not., vol. lii., p. 354.] [Footnote 479: _Observatory_, vol. xxi., p. 387; Maunder, _Knowledge_, vol. xxi., p. 228; Fényi, _Astroph. Jour._, vol. x., p. 333.] [Footnote 480: _Ibid._, p. 336; W. Anderson, Observatory, vol. xxii., p. 196.] [Footnote 481: _Proc. Roy. Society_, vol. lii., p. 307; Rev. W. Sidgreaves, _Mem. R. A. S._, vol. liv., p. 85.] [Footnote 482: _Report on Solar and Terrestrial Magnetism_, Washington, 1898, p. 27.] [Footnote 483: _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi., p. 611.] [Footnote 484: _Ibid._, p. 819 (Sidgreaves).] [Footnote 485: See J. Rand Capron, _Phil. Mag._, vol. xv., p. 318.] [Footnote 486: _Mittheilungen über die Sonnenflecken_, No. ix., _Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich_, Jahrgang 4.] [Footnote 487: _Mitth._, No. lii., p. 58 (1881).] [Footnote 488: _Ibid._, No. xii., p. 192. Baxendell, of Manchester, reached independently a similar conclusion. See _Month. Not._, vol. xxi., p. 141.] [Footnote 489: Wolf, _Mitth._, No. xv., p. 107, etc. Olmsted, following Hansteen, had already, in 1856, sought to establish an auroral period of sixty-five years. _Smithsonian Contributions_, vol. viii., p. 37.] [Footnote 490: Hahn, _Ueber die Reziehungen der Sonnenfleckenperiode zu meteorologischen Erscheinungen_, p. 99 (1877).] [Footnote 491: _Report Brit. Ass._, 1881, p. 518; 1883, p. 418.]