priests. These have since generally been called "Bruce's Harpers." The instruments have been represented in many ways by different writers, the most curious perversion of the facts being found in Burney's "History of Music," where they have the form of the modern harp. [Illustration: Harps, pipe, and flute, from an ancient tomb near the Pyramids. Fig. 1. EXPLANATION OF FIG. 1.--(1) Harper, with harp, bent, of seven cords; over him is inscribed in hieroglyphs sqa em bents (_a_), "player [literally "scraper"] on the harp." (2) Singer, seated; above him, hes t (_b_) "singer." (3, 4) Similar harper and singer, and same inscriptions (_c_, _d_). (5, 6) Singer and player on the direct flute or pipe; before the former, hes (_h_) "singer"; before the latter, mem t (_g_) "pipe." (7, 8) Singer and player on the oblique flute, seba (_e_); before the former, hes (_f_) "singer."] Several large works have been devoted to plates of the pictorial discoveries in these ancient tombs, but not until the colossal work of Lepsius, issued under the auspices of the German government, were we in possession of data for the study of this civilization from the standpoint of a progressive development. The oldest of the musical representations are found in tombs near Thebes, and already we find the art in an advanced state. The preceding cut shows one of these pictures. A musical group is represented, consisting of eight figures. Their occupations are designated by the hieroglyphics above them. The harper is designated as "harp scraper." It is not possible to make out in the present state of these drawings the exact number of strings upon the harps, but explorers agree that it must have been either five or seven. From the length of the strings and the structure of the instrument without a "pillar" in front for resisting the pull of the strings, the tones must have been within the register of the male voice. The long flute played by the figure bearing the number 8 must also have produced low tones. It is not plain whether these players are supposed to be all playing at the same time, or whether their ministrations may have taken place separately. Most likely, however, they all played and sang together. [Illustration: Fig. 2. BRUCE'S HARPERS.]