He went to Zurich, where he lived in great poverty at first, but afterward with a certain moderate income, for nearly ten years. This circumstance was evidently providential, as will appear in the sequel. [Illustration: Fig. 78. RICHARD WAGNER.] Franz Liszt was now conductor at Weimar, and he brought out "_Lohengrin"_ in 1850. From this moment a friendship was established between these two remarkable men. Liszt sent Wagner a handsome _honorarium_, and from this time on was his financial guardian. By this time Wagner's art theories had become pretty well defined. From his standpoint the three great arts of music, poetry and drama had been independently explored to their limit--music by Beethoven, poetry and the drama by Shakespeare and Goethe--and the only remaining thing of importance to do was to unite them all in one homogeneous mass, and by their combined operation accomplish a more profound and overwhelming effect than had been made before, or indeed would have been possible to them separately. In his autobiography, speaking of his early experiences as conductor, he says: "The peculiar, gnawing feeling that oppressed me in conducting our ordinary opera, was often interrupted by an indescribable enthusiastic feeling of happiness, when here and there, in the performance of nobler works, I became thoroughly conscious, in the midst of the representation, of the incomparable influence of dramatic-musical combinations--an influence of such depth, fervor and life, as no other art is capable of producing.