Political convulsions, however, were not wholly at an end; for in the midst of the ferment, the infamous Seth Sothel, whom we have seen banished from North Carolina, suddenly made his appearance in Charleston, and thinking, probably, that this was a people kindred to himself, seized the reins of government, and for some little time found actually a faction to support him. But he was too bad even for South Carolina. After two years’ rule, he was not only deposed by the people, but censured severely and recalled by the proprietaries, who, though he was still a member of their own body, treated him as “a usurper of office.” A new governor, Philip Ludwell, was appointed, with orders to “inquire into the grievances complained of and to inform them what was best to be done;” and in this respect they had at last discovered the true dignity of the governor. A general pardon was granted, and in April, 1693, “the Grand Model constitution” was abrogated, the proprietaries wisely conceding, “that as the people have declared they would rather be governed by the powers granted by the charter, without regard to the fundamental constitutions, it will be for their quiet, and the protection of the well-disposed, to grant their request.” The remark of Chalmers is just, that “the Carolinian annals show all projectors the vanity of attempting to make laws for a people whose voice, proceeding from their principles, must be for ever the supreme law;” adding further, “it was not till the Carolinas, North and South, were blessed with a simple form of government, that they began to prosper; when the one acquired the manufacture of naval stores, the other the production of rice and indigo, which have made both, in modern times, populous, wealthy and great.” CHAPTER XVIII. VIRGINIA UNDER CHARLES II. Of all the American colonies, Virginia, at once the most aristocratic and the most loyal, was the one for whom the Restoration produced a cup of unmixed sorrow. During the eight years of the Commonwealth, the Virginians had governed themselves “with a wise moderation;” peace and prosperity had prevailed throughout the extent of the land; the population had rapidly increased, and the present generation, being all born-Virginians, were distinguished by their patriotism and pride of country.