Inflammation of the peritoneal covering of the _under surface_ of the liver, may result from an extension of the disease from an inflamed stomach or duodenum, or from the presence of a biliary calculus impacted in some of the ducts; such inflammation resulting in more or less extensive adhesion of the parts in contact. The presence of hydatid or cancerous masses, are not usually attended with these evidences of inflammation. =Scar-like Marks=, are not uncommonly found on the surface of the liver. The peritoneum at these points seems drawn into the substance of the gland, at the centre of the mark, while radiating ridges extend in various directions, to the distance of a-half to three-fourths of an inch. The cause of these appearances is evidently inflammation of the peritoneum, extending to the subserous tissue, and perhaps to the liver substance. =Hepatitis.= Inflammation of the liver may be _acute_ or _chronic_. Acute inflammation of the liver, though a frequent occurrence in hot climates, is seldom met with in cold or temperate. The gland in this condition, is found more or less swollen and enlarged, and the tissues somewhat softened. This condition may be confined to one or more lobes, or involve the whole gland. Where a section is made, the turgid swollen tissue rises above the peritoneal covering, along the edges of the incision. As the disease advances to a later stage, the deep red color changes to a brownish or grayish-red, patches of these being mingled with others of a yellowish-red or pale yellow. Acute inflammation of the liver may terminate in resolution, when there will be a gradual restoration to a normal condition, or in suppuration, and the formation of an _abscess_; the latter result being much more common. =Abscess= of the liver may involve the greater portion of the right or left lobe. The substance of the gland immediately around the abscess, will appear unusually red, and perhaps a little hardened, while other portions may present the appearance of health. In some instances, from a complete destruction of the hepatic tissue, the peritoneal covering will form the only protection to the contained matter. The quantity of purulent matter contained in these abscesses may vary from half a pint or less, to one or two quarts.