=Hypertrophy.= We sometimes find an evident increase in the size of the liver, without any alteration of structure, or the presence of any prominent symptoms. Such cases may be considered as instances of _simple hypertrophy_. This condition has been observed in cases of leukæmia, and in some exceptional cases of saccharine diabetes, heart disease and phthisis. Morbid Growths. =Cancer of the Liver.= Every variety of cancer may be found in the liver, though the scirrhus or medullary forms are more common. The disease is invariably accompanied with enlargement, and in some instances the increase is enormous. The progress of the disease is rapid, a few weeks in many instances, a few months at the longest, being required to fully develop the disease. The enlargement is not uniform. The surface becomes irregular and uneven, nodules of various size are found projecting from its surface and borders, which are usually harder than those of the surrounding portions. The disease is nearly always accompanied with pain, and considerable tenderness is felt upon touch. Jaundice is present in many cases, but in ninety-one cases collected by Frerichs, fifty-two showed no symptoms of jaundice. Abdominal dropsy to any considerable extent, rarely attends the disease, although usually a small quantity of fluid will be found in the peritoneal cavity. These characters will usually enable us to make a correct diagnosis of these cases during life. The post-mortem examination, discloses, in the majority of cases, a greater or less number of irregular, rounded masses, projecting from the surface of the liver, and varying in size from a kernel of corn to an orange. Through the peritoneum, these bodies present a light, straw-colored appearance, and when divided, the interior is found of a whitish-gray color, and of the consistence of tallow or cheese. Examined very carefully, the substance has the appearance of infinitely minute granules, aggregated together. These masses may be confined to one of the lobes, or involve the whole organ; they are of an irregularly rounded or globular form, and in some cases two or three appear to have coalesced into one mass. In other, and more rare cases, the cancerous matter, instead of being collected in masses, is found more or less infiltrated through the liver substance, as in Case I. They may soften, and form cysts filled with a thin serous fluid, or they may undergo a form of fatty degeneration. In such cases the disease is liable to be mistaken for waxy degeneration. In both, there is a uniform hard enlargement, but in the waxy enlargement, the progress is slow, and without pain, and there is usually enlargement of the spleen, with albuminuria, and a syphilitic taint; while in cancer there is no enlargement of the spleen, or albuminuria, and the course of the disease is rapid; there is pain, cachexia, and often signs of cancer elsewhere.