“The testicle in an advanced stage of wasting, not arising from disease of the gland, usually preserves its shape, but feels soft, having lost its elasticity and firmness. Its texture is pale, and exhibits few blood-vessels; the lobuli and septa dividing the lobes are indistinct, and the former cannot be so readily drawn out into shreds as before. The epididymis does not usually waste so soon, nor in the same degree as the body of the testicle. Fatty matter is also found in the glandular substance of atrophied testicles.” =Inflammation.= The serous covering of the testes, the _tunica vaginalis_, is liable to acute inflammation, and is then affected as other serous membranes. It becomes thickened and injected with blood, and is coated with a variable quantity of fibrinous exudation. Serum is, at same time, effused into the cavity, and rendered turbid by flakes of fibrin. Adhesions between the opposing surfaces commonly form. The epididymis is apt to partake of the inflammation of the tunica vaginalis, and _vice versa_. _Orchitis and Epididymitis_, may be acute or chronic, primary or secondary. In _acute_ cases, the testis is congested, and of a darker hue than natural, although not much enlarged. The epididymis, especially its lower part, is much enlarged, and feels thick, firm and indurated. “The coats of the vas deferens are thickened, and the adjacent vessels injected. The tunica vaginalis is inflamed, and its cavity contains the usual effusions.” _Suppuration_ may occur more frequently in primary orchitis, rarely in the secondary form. The pus is liable to burrow and disorganize the tissue of the gland. By a subsequent absorption of the fluid part of the pus, there is often left a whitish mass resembling tubercular deposit, but distinguished from this by being contained in a cyst, and by the altered condition of the adjacent gland tissue. The epididymis not unfrequently remains enlarged, presenting a hard, knotty swelling at its lower part. “In old cases the epididymis acquires the density and consistence of cartilage, and sometimes even of bone.” _Atrophy_ of the gland is a frequent result of inflammation. _Chronic_ orchitis is characterized by the effusion of a yellowish, homogeneous-looking matter, in the substance of the testicle, within the tubuli. This deposit may shrink and contract, inducing gradual atrophy of the testis, or, by adhesions and ulcerative absorption, a fungous protrusion of the affected tissue may take place.