_Cancer._ _Epithelial cancer_ is the common form under which it attacks the scrotum. This disease has appropriately been called _chimney-sweeper’s cancer_, as it appears to arise from the irritation of the soot lodging in the folds of the scrotum. It commonly commences as a tubercle or wart, which, after a time, cracks or ulcerates. It spreads rapidly, involving at last the greater part of the scrotum, and sometimes invading the testes, even extending to the groin and thigh, destroying life by perforating the coats of some of the large vessels. The glands of the groin are not always affected. _Melanotic_ cancer of the scrotum has been observed. _Fibrous tumors_ are sometimes developed in this part, and may form a large mass when several are grouped together. Section III. OF THE TESTICLES. [=Notice=: Malformations; position, in scrotum, inguinal canals, or abdomen. Size; consistence; condition of coats. _Tunica vaginalis_—contents; serum, blood; adhesions. Abscesses; cysts; tumors; cancer; tubercle, etc.] =Congenital Anomalies.= There is no sufficient evidence of the presence of more than two testicles. They are both absent when the entire sexual apparatus is wanting, and in some rare cases they are imperfectly developed, or only one may exist. It not unfrequently happens that at birth there is an apparent absence of one or both glands from an arrest or delay in their descent, so that they lie in the groin, the inguinal canal, or the lower part of the abdomen. Sometimes they wander into other situations, _e. g._, into the perineum close by the anus, and through the crural canal. If the descent does not take place within twelve months after birth it is rarely perfectly completed afterwards without being accompanied by hernia. The organ is sometimes retroverted, so that the epididymis is placed in front. The vas deferens may be absent to a greater or less extent, and even the epididymis has been found in great part deficient. The vas deferens frequently terminates in a blind extremity before reaching the vesicula seminalis. =Hypertrophy and Atrophy.= True hypertrophy of the testicles does not occur but when attacked with inflammation, or when the seat of morbid growths the glands may become greatly enlarged. Atrophy, congenital or acquired, is not unfrequent. The effect of old age is very gradual, the gland being often but very little diminished in size. “The testicle atrophied from disease is not only of diminished size and weight, but is altered in shape, being uneven and irregular, and sometimes of an elongated form. There is little or no trace of the proper glandular structure, the organ being converted into fibrous tissue of a firm texture.