The mucous membrane surrounding the orifice of the urethra, is liable to an hypertrophy of development, giving rise to small vascular, generally pedunculated tumors, extremely sensitive during life, and liable to become abraded. _Elephantiasis_ may attack the labia majora, the nymphæ, or the clitoris, and may attain to a great size. It consists of the loose connective tissue of the part, infiltrated with serum, and covered either with the smooth skin, or one which has become roughened by hypertrophy of the papillæ. It may appear as a diffused hypertrophy, or be furnished with a pedicle, and resemble a polypus. _Fibrous_, _fatty_ and _scirrhus_ tumors are also met with in this part of the system. 2. The Vagina. =Congenital Anomalies.= The valvular fold of membrane which protects the virgin vagina, the hymen, may be imperforate or much indurated, and of a cartilaginous consistency. It may thus entirely close the vagina. Besides this, we may find the vagina terminating in a cul-de-sac, either with the uterus present or absent, and the ovaries normal or abnormal. The vagina may also be duplicated, by a septum extending the entire length of the canal, or only partially dividing it. There may be at the same time a double uterus. Entire absence of the vagina is also met with, the internal organs of generation being also absent, or but imperfectly developed. =Morbid States.= Occlusion or stricture of the vagina sometimes occurs as the result of external injury, or of cicatrization of ulcers. Dilatation, or lengthening of the vagina, also occurs. The rigidity or laxness of the walls of the vagina, varies much in different individuals, according to constitution, age, and the effects of cohabitation and child-birth. Prolonged uterine or vesical disease, often produces a very lax condition of the mucous membrane of the vagina. In old women we often meet with this relaxed state, which may amount to a complete prolapsus. The anterior wall is particularly liable to be thus affected. =Laceration and Rupture.= External mechanical injuries may produce laceration of the vagina. During parturition, either from unusual rigidity, or from want of care on the part of the attendant, the lower portion of the canal is apt to give way when the labor pains are at their height. The lesion may vary from a mere laceration of the fourchette, to a rupture of the entire perineum, from the vagina to the anus. Lacerations of the upper portions of the vagina also occur with rupture of the uterus, or even independently of it. Lacerations of the vagina are not necessarily fatal, but may result in vesico-vaginal fistula, where a communication is established between the bladder or urethra, and the vagina; or in recto-vaginal fistula, where the fistula opens into the rectum.