Many of the cases of so-called hermaphroditism are instances of an undue congenital development of the clitoris, with an irregular development of the other organs of generation, either external or internal, or both. =Hypertrophy.= We may find an hypertrophy of the labia, due to a kind of solid œdema, perhaps originally dependent upon a fissure or ulcer of the part. The nymphæ are often abnormally enlarged, not necessarily as the result of an abuse of sexual indulgence. In new-born infants, they normally project beyond the labia majora. The clitoris occasionally is enlarged, elongated and pendulous, and, in some cases, attains an enormous size. A specimen preserved in the Museum of the University of Bonn, is fourteen inches in circumference and weighs eight pounds. There is no necessary connection between an habitual sexual indulgence and an enlarged clitoris. Varicose swellings of the labia may reach a considerable size, and, although not generally interfering with parturition, have been known to be lacerated at that time with fatal issue. As the result of external violence, or during parturition, suggillations often occur in the labia, and may give rise to considerable swelling. The tumor presents a tense, smooth surface, of a livid color, thus distinguished from a varicose swelling, with the peculiar vermicular character of its contents. =Inflammation.= The cutaneous covering, the mucous lining, the cellular tissue, and the sebaceous and mucous follicles, may be the seat of inflammation, resulting from external or internal causes. Eczematous and apthous inflammations may result from derangement of the digestive organs, from pregnancy, from a want of cleanliness, or from excessive sexual indulgence, and are of frequent occurrence. The loose cellular tissue is especially favorable to œdematous swelling, and when the inflammation has a phlegmonous character, extensive sloughing may result. It occasionally occurs as an epidemic among those in early life. The vulvo-vaginal glands are also liable to inflammation of a catarrhal, herpetic or syphilitic character, resulting in chronic ulceration, or tedious discharges. Young children are frequently liable to a benignant inflammatory affection of these parts, giving rise to much irritation and a muco-purulent secretion. Morbid Growths. _Warty excrescences_, arising from a syphilitic taint, may affect the labia, the entrance of the vagina, and the clitoris. They consist of groups of small pedunculated tumors, producing a sort of mushroom appearance. _Syphilitic mucous tubercles_ are described as round, flattened tubercles, raised above the surrounding tissues, sometimes becoming elongated, of a reddish-blue color, and frequently ulcerated on the surface. _Cystic tumors_ are also met with in the labia. They consist of a membranous envelope, containing a transparent, glairy fluid, and often attain a large size.