_The Eyes, with the optic nerves_, may be most conveniently removed for examination, by breaking up the roof of the orbit with the hammer, and, after the removal of the fragments of bone, dissecting away the fat and muscles until the ball is exposed, when, with the scissors, the tunics of the latter may be divided just behind the conjunctival attachment, and the ball removed with the optic nerve. The front portion of the eye being left in position, by filling the cavity behind with a little cotton or paper, any flattening may be prevented, and thus any appearance of loss of parts avoided. The examination having been completed, the brain may be replaced, the calvarium put in position, the scalp brought over the same and united with stitches, the arranging of the hair effacing all traces of the operation. THE SPINAL CORD. For the removal of the _spinal cord_, place the body in a prone position, and make an incision the whole length of the back, over the spinous processes of the vertebræ. Then raise up and turn aside all the muscles with the integument, exposing the laminæ of the vertebræ. The latter may now be divided with the single or double saw, the rachitome or chisel being used to complete the operation, when the laminæ, with the spinous processes, may be removed in one strip, exposing the cord enclosed in its membranes. The roots of the nerves may now be divided, and the cord, enclosed in its sheath, removed; care being observed not to handle the parts roughly while so doing. The dura mater may now be split open for the examination of the cord. Should it be desired to preserve any portion for microscopic examination, it may be suspended in a solution of bichromate of potass, xx to xxx grs. to the ounce of water, and in a few days transferred to a solution of chromic acid, ij grs. to the ounce of water, where it should remain until sufficiently hardened to be cut into thin sections. The examination completed, the parts may be replaced and the incision sewed up. CHAPTER II. PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. Section I. OF THE SKULL. [=Notice= in examination, condition of _scalp_; cuts, bruises, extravasation of blood, &c. _Cranium_—Color, smoothness or roughness of exposed surface; fractures, their position and relation to injuries of scalp. _Removal of Calvarium_—Adhesion of dura mater; inner surface of; smooth or rough; seat of same; deposit of new bone; depression of inner table; thickening or thinning of. State of fontanelles in children; condition of frontal sinuses; condition of base of skull noted after removal of brain; fractures; condition of petrous portions of temporal bones, &c.]