Mr. M——, aged thirty-five years, had always enjoyed good health. For some months previous to death, had been working very hard, with a good deal of anxiety, in arranging the affairs of a company of which he was secretary. On the evening previous to his attack, he retired at eleven o’clock, well and in good spirits. At three o’clock A. M., his wife was wakened by his heavy, stertorous breathing, attended with slight convulsive movements of the limbs. In less than a half hour he was dead. The post-mortem showed the heart, lungs, and abdominal organs to be in a perfectly healthy condition, while the most careful examination of every portion of the brain failed to expose the least effusion of blood. The ventricles and sub-arachnoid space contained a moderate amount of serum, while the vessels of the pia mater were strongly engorged with blood. CASE II.—_Apoplectic Attack, followed by Death in Three Days; Clot found in Thalamus._ Mr. J——, aged sixty-one, a butcher, abstemious in his habits but plethoric in temperament, was suddenly stricken down with an attack of apoplexy, which left him with paralysis of the right side of the body, with impaired speech and memory. He gradually and almost entirely recovered. Ten months after, while in the street, he fell with another attack. He partially recovered consciousness, but had complete palsy of the _left_ side, and died in three days. Here, the post-mortem revealed excessive congestion of the pia mater, and a large clot, the size of a hickory nut, in the _right optic thalamus_. In the _left thalamus_ was a distinct trace of a clot, (nearly absorbed, however,) which had undoubtedly been effused in the attack ten months previously. CASE III.—_Apoplectic attack, followed by Hemiplegia, and Death in Five Years._ Charles E. W——, at the age of forty-seven had a sudden apoplectic stroke, in January, 1867, followed by partial paralysis of right side. In May following, he had a second attack, which greatly increased the hemiplegia, impaired the articulation, and weakened the memory and intellect. His general health and strength gradually failing, he died August, 1872, five years after the original attack. Post-mortem revealed a greatly thinned and dilated condition of the walls of the arteries of the base of the brain and the remnants of the original clot imbedded in the left optic thalamus, the brain substance around being of a dark color and much softened. From the appearance of the dark, ragged remnant of the clot, it must have been originally of about the size of a robin’s egg. CASE IV.—_Death from Congestion, with Serous Effusion and Softening._