_The liver_ may be generally examined _in situ_. The condition and contents of the gall-bladder, the size, color, density, etc., of the gland, may all be noted without removal. Where, however, we may desire to ascertain the weight of the gland, or to examine its posterior and upper surface, its removal will be required. Where the chest has previously been opened, this will not be a difficult operation. In other cases, the cartilages and ribs, forming the lower boundary of the chest, should be strongly elevated by an assistant; the operator then, by dragging down the liver, having first divided the suspensory ligament, may expose the coronary and lateral ligaments, which will require care in their division, to avoid opening through the diaphragm into the chest. The fingers should be now freely used, to peel the gland from the diaphragm. From the close connection of the liver to the ascending vena cava, this vessel will require to be divided at the upper border of the liver, close to the diaphragm, and again, after the gland has been rolled from its bed, at its lower border, with also the portal vessels, hepatic artery and duct, which reach the transverse fissure through the border of the lesser omentum. The liver may now be lifted from the body, and placed in any convenient vessel for a more detailed inspection. The Pelvic Viscera. The whole _pelvic viscera_, with the external organs of generation, in either the male or female, may be removed together, in the following manner:—Apply a double ligature to the upper portion of the rectum, and divide the gut between. The peritoneum may now be divided around the border of the pelvis, in the female, at the same time, cutting across the round and broad ligaments of the uterus, when, with the hand, the bladder may be stripped down from the inner side of the pubes, the rectum torn from the hollow of the sacrum, and in the same manner the parts torn off from the sides of the pelvis, using the knife only for dividing the more closely adhering points.