In Fig. 15 _A_ is a boiler, placed over a brick furnace; _B_ is the still, placed beside it, on a slightly higher level and heated by the furnace flue which passes underneath it. A pipe _e_ conducts the steam from the boiler to the bottom of the still. By another pipe _d_, which is furnished with a stop cock and which reaches to the bottom of the still _A_, the alcoholic liquors in the still may be run from it into the boiler; by turning the valve the spent liquor may be run out at _a_. The glass tubes _b_ and _f_ show the height of liquid in the two vessels. _K_ is the valve for filling the boiler and _c_ the safety valve. [Illustration: FIG. 16.--Details of Rectifier Column.] The still is surmounted by a column _C_, shown in section in Fig. 16. This column contains an enriching arrangement whereby the liquid flowing down into the still _B_ is brought into intimate contact with the steam rising from the still. The liquid meets with obstacles in falling and falls downward in a shower, which thus presents multiplied obstacles to the ascent of the vapor. The liquid is thus heated almost to the boiling point before it falls into the still _B_. The construction for effecting this is shown at _C_, Fig. 16 and consists of an enclosed series of nine sets of circular copper saucer-shaped capsules, placed one above the other, and secured to three metallic rods passing through the series so that they can be all removed as one piece. These capsules are of different diameters, the larger ones which are, nearly the diameter of the column, are placed with the rounded side downwards, and are pierced with small holes; the smaller ones are turned bottom upwards, a stream of the liquid to be distilled flows down the pipe _h_ from _E_, into the top capsule of _C_ and then percolating through the small holes, falls into the smaller capsule beneath, and from the rim of this upon the one next below, and so throughout the whole of the series until it reaches the bottom and falls into the still _B_. The vapors rise up into the column from the still and meeting the stream of liquid convert it partially into vapor which passes out at the top of _C_ considerably enriched, into the column _D_. Fig. 16 shows a sectional view of the column _D_, the "rectifying column" as it is called. It contains six vessels, placed one above the other, in an inverted position, so as to form seals. These are so disposed that the vapors must pass through a thin layer of liquor in each vessel. Some of the vapor is thus condensed and the condensed liquid flows back into column _C_, the uncondensed vapor considerably enriched passing up the pipe _J_, into the coil _S_ in the condenser _E_, Fig. 17, which is filled with the "wash" to be distilled. [Illustration: FIG. 17.--Details of Condenser and Mash Heater.]