Beet cultivation. Composition. Soil and manures. Sowing. Harvesting. Storing. Production of alcohol from beets. Cleaning and rasping. Extraction by pressure. Extraction by maceration and diffusion. The diffusion battery. Fermentation. Direct distillation of roots. 140 CHAPTER X. ALCOHOL FROM MOLASSES AND SUGAR CANE. The necessary qualities in molasses. Beet sugar. Molasses mixing and diluting. Neutralizing the wash. Pitching temperature. Distilling. Fermenting raw sugar. Cane sugar molasses. "Dunder." Clarifying. Fermenting. Various processes. 163 CHAPTER XI. ALCOHOLOMETRY. Hydrometers in general. Proof spirit. Syke's hydrometer. Gay-Lussac's hydrometer. Tralles alcoholometer. Hydrometric methods. Estimation of alcohol. Field's alcoholometer. Grisler's method and apparatus. Estimating sugar in mash. Determination of alcoholic fruits. Physical tests. Chemical tests. The Permanganate of Potash test. Results by Barbet. 174 CHAPTER XII. DISTILLING PLANTS, THEIR GENERAL ARRANGEMENT AND EQUIPMENT. Simple apparatus. Elaborate plants. Steam stills. The fermenting room. Ventilation. Fermenting vats. Preparatory vats. Arrangement of grain distillery. A small beet distillery. Large beet distilling plant. Transporting beets. Potato distillery. Molasses distillery. Fermenting house for molasses. Transportation of molasses to distillery. Coal consumption. 189 CHAPTER XIII. DE-NATURED ALCOHOL, AND DE-NATURING FORMUL∆. Uses of alcohol. De-natured spirit:--Its use in Germany, France and England. The "De-naturing Act." The uses of de-natured alcohol. Methods and FormulÊ for de-naturing. De-natured alcohol in the industrial world. 211 CHAPTER XIV. DE-NATURING REGULATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. The Free Alcohol Act of 1906, and proposed changes therein. The Amendment of 1907. Internal Revenue Regulations. 224 Index. 261 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS No. PAGE. 1 Vacuum mash cooker _to face_ 10 2 Henze steamer 12 3 Mash cooler, air system 15 4 Mash cooler, water system 17 5 Yeasting and fermenting apparatus _to face_ 22 6 A simple still 34