Yugas and govern the subjects with asceticism. And they also in time perish away as usual (89–90). CHAPTER VIII. DIVISION OF TIME. Janamejaya said:—O you highly intelligent twice-born one, you should enumerate the Yugas and mention the extent of Brahmā’s day (1). Vaishampāyana said:—O subduer of enemies, hear, I shall enumerate the days of Brahmā by the same calculation by which men make divisions of day and night (2). Five _Nimeshas_ make one _Kāstha_, thirty _Kāshthas_ make one _Kalā_ and thirty _Kalās_ make one _Muhurtta_. And the intelligent consider thirty _Muhurttas_ constituting one day and night comprising the motion of the sun and moon. Such days and nights daily take place in all the countries around the mount Meru (3–4). Fifteen days and nights make one _Paksha_ (fortnight); two fortnights make one month—two months make one _Ritu_ (season) (5). Three _Ritus_ make one _Ayana_ and two _Ayanas_ make one year. Those, conversant with the science of enumeration, divide _Ayana_ (course) into two—northern and southern (6). Those, who have mastered (the various divisions of) time, consider a month, consisting of two fort-nights, as the one day and night of the ancestral manes (7). The dark-half of the month is their day and the light half is their night. Therefore, O king, Srādhas, for the departed manes, are performed in the dark half of the month (8). That which is considered as a _Samvatsara_ (year) for human beings is a day and night for the celestials. Of them the northern course is considered by the learned as their day and the southern course as their night (9). When a celestial year is multiplied ten-fold it is considered as one day and night of Manu. A day and a night, when multiplied ten-fold, constitute one _Paksha_ (fortnight) of Manu (10). A _Paksha_, when multiplied tenfold, forms one month; and twelve months are regarded by the wise, discriminating truth, as forming a season of Manu. Three _Ritus_ (seasons) make one _Ayana_ and two _Ayanas_ make one _Samvatsara_ (year) (11). Their four thousand years constitute the extent of Krita Yuga (golden age). O king, four hundred years form the _Sandhyā_¹³ and four hundred such form the _Sandhyāngsha_¹⁴ (12). The extent of the Treta Yuga is three thousand years. Its _Sandhyā_ and _Sandhyāngsha_ severally extend over three hundred years (13). It is said that the duration of Dwāpara Yuga is two thousand years. Its _Sandhyā_ and _Sandhyāngsha_ are said to extend each over two hundred years (14). The wise have enumerated the duration of Kali Yuga as extending over a thousand years. Its _Sandhyā_ and _Sandhyāngsha_ too extend over one hundred years each (15). I have thus described the extent of Yugas comprising twelve thousand years. Hear, from me, the enumeration of Yugas measured by celestial Ayanas (16). Krita, Treta, Dwāpara and Kali these are the four Yugas. O foremost of kings, with such seventy-one Yugas one Manwantara is completed. So is said by those