Bonus is often given to men working under a subcontractor. The subcontractor guarantees to turn out a certain job in a certain time, and in order to induce the men to accomplish this result he offers a bonus if the job is done to time. There is no protection whatever against cutting times or rates, and conditions generally are the same as those already mentioned. (_g_) THE REWARD SYSTEM. The Reward System (this is the name given to the system for the purpose of this description) is different to all the foregoing methods. The worker is paid the ordinary standard rate of wages for his attendance at the factory, and this attendance implies the production of a certain minimum quantity of work. If he produces more than that quantity, he is paid additional wages in proportion to the work done. If a certain standard quantity of work be produced, the standard being considerably in excess of the minimum, the proportionate additional wages, or reward, amounts to at least 25 per cent. of the day rate--that is, of the trade-union rate. Also, an equal opportunity of reaching the standard quantity is given to all workers, inasmuch as the work is carefully studied, standardised, and recorded, and instructions are given to the worker showing him just how to produce the standard quantity. The standard quantity is within the reach of all diligent workers. This system is described in the following pages. CHAPTER II WAGES AND EFFICIENCY REWARD (_a_) THE REWARD SYSTEM. The rational study of work and the worker shows the following principles to be essential when general and continuous efficiency is the end in view: 1. The greatest efficiency is obtained when the worker is most contented. 2. There is a limit to endurance, and efficiency cannot be maintained if this limit be exceeded. 3. The working environment must be agreeable. 4. The nature of the work must be considered in determining the working hours and conditions. 5. There must be no penalties or price cutting. 6. Suggestions must be encouraged and suitable rewards given for those which are acted upon. 7. There must be an incentive to efficiency, which should take the form of an addition to wages when a certain minimum of production is exceeded. 8. Work must be carefully studied in detail so as to discover conditions which give every worker the same opportunity of reaching a high efficiency. 9. Earnings in excess of the day rate should be in proportion to efficiency. 10. The generally accepted day rate of wages must be absolutely guaranteed to the worker, no matter what his efficiency.