_Treatment._—Gentle pressure and massage with warm oil over the abdomen and a few doses of hot or peppermint water will expel the gas. Burnt brandy is good. The simple warm enema is a common remedy. Wrap warm flannels around the lower parts of the body and keep the hands warm. =Diarrhea.=—Frequent loose evacuations without tenesmus. _Causes._—Impure water or food; irritating secretions poured into the bowels; bottled milk. Diet should be restricted to cereal and albumin water. Flush the bowels very gently with warm water. =Dysentery.=—_Symptoms._—Fever, tenesmus and frequent small mucous, bloody stools. Treat as diarrhea. Keep child warm, especially about the abdomen. =Cholera Infantum (Summer Complaint).=—_Symptoms._—Fever, intense thirst, continuous vomiting, and purging of the bowels. Stools soon become watery and pale-green in color, and the child has all appearances of complete prostration. _Treatment._—Stomach washing and intestinal irrigation carefully given. Restrict diet to barley water containing a few drops of brandy and give hourly for a few days. =Rickets.=—A disease of infants, characterized by impaired nutrition of the entire body and alteration of growing bones. _Causes._—Not positively known. Heredity may be a predisposing factor. Another theory given is want of sunlight, impure air, prolonged lactation, and suckling. As it is a constitutional disease it is almost certain to be due to a disturbance of nutrition. _It is much less found in the breast-fed than in the artificially fed and more common when the artificial feeding is bad than when it is properly given._ =Scurvy= is a constitutional disease of metabolism _due to a faulty diet_. Probably the absence of some constituents in the nature of vitamins. _Scurvy and rickets are two distinct diseases_, and yet both may be due to _impure, improper infant feedings_. _Three General Symptoms of Great Importance._—First, a diffuse soreness of the body, so that the child cries when an attempt is made to move it; second, slight fever; third, profuse sweating. Deformities may often be prevented if, in the early stages, constant care is taken that the child is properly held. =Thrush.=—_Aphthæ._—Small white, furry mouth ulcers developing during the first and second year of infancy. _Cause._—Lack of cleanliness in the care of the mouth, especially after feeding with bottled milk. The patches are tenacious, grow larger, until sometimes they involve the entire gastro-intestinal tract, resulting in acute indigestion and bowel disorders. The first symptom is usually some evidence of painful distress in the infant’s efforts to nurse; fever, diarrhea and vomiting occur and the trouble may become acute.