=Phenacetin.=—This anilin derivative has properties very similar to those of acetanilid, and is used for the same purposes. _Dose_, 5 to 10 grains (0.3-0.6 gm.). =Physostigma.=—This is the seed of a climbing plant growing in Africa. Its activities depend upon an alkaloid known as _eserin_ or _physostigmin_. It depresses the spinal cord, stimulates the peristaltic movements of the bowel, and, when applied to the eye, contracts the pupil. It is employed to check certain convulsions (tetanus and strychnin-poisoning), to overcome atonic constipation, and, locally, to contract the pupils. The _dose_ of the _Tincture of Physostigma_ (Tinctura Physostigmatis) is from 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c.); of the _Extract of Physostigmatis_ (Extractum Physostigmatis), ¹/₁₂ to ⅙ of a grain (0.005-0.01 gm.); of _eserin_ or _physostigmin_ and its salts, ¹/₁₅₀ to ¹/₅₀ of a grain (0.0004-0.0013 gm.). =Pilocarpus=, or =Jaborandi=.—This is the leaves of a South American plant. Its virtues depend entirely upon an alkaloid known as _pilocarpin_. The chief action of the drug is on the secretions—sweat, saliva, and urine—which it markedly increases. Large doses depress the circulation. Locally, in the eye, it contracts the pupil like eserin. It is mainly employed internally as a diaphoretic in Bright’s disease and dropsical conditions. The _dose_ of the _Fluid Extract_ (Extractum Pilocarpi Fluidum) is from 20 to 60 minims (1.5-4 c.c.); of _pilocarpin_ and its salts, ⅛ to ½ grain (0.008-0.03 gm.). The latter are usually administered hypodermically. =Quinin.=—See _Cinchona_. =Salicylates.=—These salts are employed in medicine chiefly as antirheumatic remedies. Their manner of action, however, is unknown. They are also used, both internally and externally, to some extent as antiseptics. Large doses cause ringing in the ears, headache, deafness, nausea, and a greenish discoloration of the urine. The _dose_ of _salicylic acid_ or its salts (ammonium, sodium, strontium) is from 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.); of _Oil of Gaultheria_ (Methyl Salicylate), 5 to 20 minims (0.3-1.2 c.c.). These preparations should be given after meals, well diluted. The following remedies have properties like the salicylates, but are less powerful and less irritant to the stomach: _Salol_, _dose_, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.); _salophen_, 5 to 30 grains (0.3-2 gm.); _aspirin_, 5 to 20 grains (0.3-1.3 gm.). =Senna.=—This is a purgative cholagogue and is used in the constipation of children and pregnant women. _Dose_, in substance, 5 to 20 grains; in fluidextract or tincture, 1 to 4 fluidrams.