8. All official mixtures may be given in _doses_ of from 1 to 4 drams (4-15 c.c.). 9. All spirits may be given in _doses_ up to 1 dram (4 c.c.), except the _spirit of nitroglycerin_ (glonoin), the _dose_ of which is from 1 to 5 minims (0.06-0.3 c.c.), the _spirit of phosphorus_, the _dose_ of which is from 5 to 15 minims (0.3-1 c.c.), and the _spirit of bitter almond_, the _dose_ of which is from 5 to 10 minims (0.3-0.6 c.c.). 10. All _waters_ (aquæ) may be given in _doses_ up to 1 ounce (30 c.c.), except _aqua ammoniæ_, _aqua chlori_, and _aqua laurocerasi_ (cherry-laurel), the _dose_ of which is about ½ dram (2 c.c.). 11. Volatile or essential oils may be given in _doses_ up to 5 minims (0.3 c.c.) or more, except the _oil of bitter almond_, the _dose_ of which is from ¼ to ½ minim (0.015-0.03 c.c.). TO ASCERTAIN DOSES OF MEDICINE FOR CHILDREN. The following rule of Young is sufficiently accurate for most drugs: Add 12 to the age and divide by the age to get the denominator of the fraction, the numerator of which is 1. Thus, for a child of two years, 2 + 12 ——— = 7, and the dose is ⅐ of that for an adult. 2 For children up to twelve months of age, Young’s rule may be worked out as follows: Add 144 to the age in months, which sum becomes the denominator of the fraction, the numerator of which is the child’s age. Thus, for a baby of eight months, 8 8 ——— = ——, or ¹/₁₉ of an adult’s dose; 8 + 144 152 for a baby of six months, 6 6 ——— = ——, or ¹/₂₅ of an adult’s dose. 6 + 144 150 The following table, based on Young’s rule, is sufficiently accurate in ordinary cases, and its use will avoid the necessity of mathematic calculations on the part of the physician: