TRANSCRIBER NOTES: Words contained within underscores indicate that they were italized in the original. Example: _First_. Additional notes can be found at the end of this project. Some of the tables have been modified to fit in the space allowed. [Illustration: UPPER SNOQUALMIE FALLS, 120 FEET HIGH.] A REPORT ON WASHINGTON TERRITORY BY W. H. RUFFNER, LL.D. ILLUSTRATED [Illustration] NEW YORK SEATTLE, LAKE SHORE AND EASTERN RAILWAY 1889 COPYRIGHT, 1889 BY SEATTLE, LAKE SHORE AND EASTERN RAILWAY PRESS OF FLEMING · BREWSTER & ALLEY · NEW YORK PREFACE. The matter of this Report on Washington Territory is so arranged that the reader, by referring to the table of contents, can turn at once to any particular topic. The report is divided into six chapters, to wit: _First_, Itinerary, which mentions briefly the places I visited, and the dates. _Second_, A General Account of Washington Territory, which includes something of its History, its Location, and its great Pacific Market. Under the last of these heads is given a large body of facts which will surprise any one who has not studied the peculiar commercial advantages of our Pacific States, and above all, of Puget Sound. There is also given some account of the topography, climate, soils and natural vegetation, with special stress upon the great forests of the Puget Sound basin. The lumber industry is next described, followed by a somewhat full account of agricultural products, especially those of the Great Plain of the Columbia River. Finally, in this division, something is said of the available labor of the country. _Third_, Geology of Washington Territory. In one division I endeavor to give the Historical and Structural Geology of the Territory, and in another division I give the Economic Geology. In the latter I describe the beds of coal, iron ore, granite, limestone and marble, and also the ores of the precious and base metals as they have been discovered in all parts of the Territory.