A Review of the Middle American Tree Frogs of the Genus PtychohylaDuellman, William Edward
Science
A Review of the Middle American Tree Frogs of the Genus Ptychohyla
Duellman, William Edward
Amphibians -- Central America; Amphibians -- Mexico; Ptychohyla
Mouth large; thin fleshy lips greatly expanded and forming large
funnel-shaped disc; width of mouth two-thirds greatest width of body;
outer edge of lips having one row of small papillae; inner surfaces of
mouth smooth; scattered large papillae forming one nearly complete row
around teeth; other large papillae laterally; beaks moderately
developed, bearing long, pointed denticulations; no lateral
projections on upper beak; tooth-rows 3/3, all short; second and third
upper rows subequal in length; first upper row shorter; first and
third upper rows interrupted medially; first lower row interrupted
medially, equal in length to second and third upper rows; second lower
row slightly shorter; third lower row shortest.
Body mottled brown and creamy gray above and below; mouth colored like
body; caudal musculature creamy tan; caudal fin transparent; dark
brown streak mid-laterally on anterior third of caudal musculature;
rest of tail and all of caudal fin heavily flecked with brown; eye red
in life.
_Variation._--The third upper tooth-row is interrupted in all
specimens; in some individuals the first upper and first lower rows
are complete. The variation in size and proportions is given in Table
2. The dark brown lateral streak on the anterior part of the caudal
musculature is distinct on most specimens; the only other variation in
coloration is in the amount of brown flecking on the caudal
musculature and fin.
_Comparisons._--_Ptychohyla schmidtorum schmidtorum_ differs from _P.
schmidtorum chamulae_ as stated in the diagnosis and in having pale
creamy tan, as opposed to dark brown, webbing on the feet; and from
_P. ignicolor_ in having a depressed, as opposed to a flat,
internarial region. Tadpoles of _P. s. schmidtorum_ have a mottled
appearance, as opposed to the more uniform brown color of _P. s.
chamulae_.
_Ptychohyla schmidtorum schmidtorum_ and several species of
_Plectrohyla_ are sympatric. All species of the latter genus have a
bony prepollex, rugose skin on the dorsum, and heavy body; also
sympatric is _Ptychohyla e. euthysanota_, which has a tarsal fold and
in breeding males spinous nuptial tuberosities.
_Life History._--This species breeds in clear mountain streams where
males call from vegetation along the stream. The call consists of
series of short notes, three to nine notes per series, sounding like
"raa-raa-raa." The duration of each note is approximately .065 of a
second, and has a rate of 96 to 119 pulses per second; the dominant
frequency is about 3400 cycles per second. The call is almost
indistinguishable from that of _Ptychohyla schmidtorum chamulae_.
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