A Revision of Snakes of the Genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America)Wellman, John
Science
A Revision of Snakes of the Genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America)
Wellman, John
Conophis; Snakes -- Central America
_Variation._--The variation in this species is discussed more
completely in the descriptions of the subspecies. One hundred and
seven specimens have 157 to 178 (164.8) ventrals. Eighty-eight of
these snakes having complete tails have 56 to 80 (68.0) subcaudals;
the number of ventrals plus subcaudals varies from 222 to 247 (233.5)
in 87 of these. On 107 specimens the reduction from 19 to 17 dorsal
scale-rows takes place between ventrals 89 and 114 (101.8). Sexual
dimorphism is evident in the number of subcaudals; there are, on the
average, fewer subcaudals in females than in males of each subspecies.
The largest specimen is a male _C. l. concolor_ (USNM 46345) from
Chichén Itzá, Yucatán, México, having a body length of 893 mm., a tail
length of 274 mm. and a total length of 1167 mm. The smallest is a
juvenile _C. l. dunni_ (MCZ 49749) from Tegucigalpa, Honduras, having
a body length of 162 mm., a tail length of 51 mm. and a total length
of 213 mm.
The greatest variation is in coloration. Dark color, or lack thereof,
has been used to separate the subspecies of _C. lineatus_. The
ground-color is pale brown, pale olive or white, either with no
stripes on the body or with eight to thirteen dark stripes at
mid-body. Specimens having dark stripes on the body always have black
or dark brown pigmentation on the first, 4th and 7th dorsal
scale-rows. In some there is dark pigmentation on the 2nd, 3rd, 8th
and 10th rows of scales. The stripes appear on the nape or farther
posteriorly, usually on the anterior third of the body, either as a
series of spots or dashes that form a continuous stripe farther
posteriorly or as a continuous stripe.
The ventrals usually have more or less conspicuous dark spots
laterally on those specimens having dark stripes present on the
dorsum; spots are absent on all specimens having no dorsal stripes and
on some specimens having dorsal stripes. Except for the dark lateral
spots (when present) the ventrals are immaculate white. Usually the
dorsal ground-color is pale tan, especially on the striped forms. The
ground-color is usually palest on the lower dorsal scale rows and
darkest dorsally.
Three populations are separable as subspecies; one has no stripes on
the body and occurs in the Yucatán Peninsula. The other two have
stripes on the dorsum and vary clinally in coloration from the north
(Veracruz, México) to south (Costa Rica) (Fig. 2). Reasons for
separating these widespread, variable snakes into two subspecies are
that they are discontinuous in distribution (the population in
Veracruz is disjunct from the one that extends from Guatemala to Costa
Rica), and that these populations have distinctly different color
patterns.
[Illustration: FIG. 2. Selected locality records for the
subspecies of _Conophis lineatus_.]
=Conophis lineatus dunni= Smith
_Psammophis lineatus_, Günther, Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes
in the Collection of the British Museum, p. 135, 1858.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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