Territories New Mexico, 1850. Utah, 1850. Washington, 1853. Kansas, 1854. Nebraska, 1854. _New Social and Business Conveniences._ Gas. Plumbing. Paved streets. General use of anthracite. Free schools. Railroad expansion. Express. Postage stamps. Ocean steamships. _New Inventions._ Number of patents. The sewing machine. The harvester. The telegraph. India rubber. Daguerreotype. Anaesthesia. Atlantic cable. _The South._ Little affected by new industrial conditions. Few manufactures. Increase of the cotton area. No immigration. CHAPTER XXVII WAR FOR THE UNION, 1861-1865 %419. South Carolina secedes%.--The only state where in 1860 presidential electors were chosen by the legislature was South Carolina. When the legislature met for this purpose, November 6, 1860, the governor asked it not to adjourn, but to remain in session till the result of the election was known. If Lincoln is elected, said he, the "secession of South Carolina from the Union" will be necessary. Lincoln was elected, and on December 20, 1860, a convention of delegates, called by the legislature to consider the question of secession, formally declared that South Carolina was no longer one of the United States.[1] [Footnote 1: "We the people of the state of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain ... that the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other states, under the name of the United States of America, is hereby dissolved."] %420. The "Confederate States of America."%--The meaning of this act of secession was that South Carolina now claimed to be a "sovereign, free, and independent" nation. But she was not the only state to take this step. By February 1, 1861, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas had also left the Union. Three days later, February 4, 1861, delegates from six of these seven states met at Montgomery, Ala., formed a constitution, established a provisional government, which they called the "Confederate States of America," and elected Jefferson Davis and Alexander H. Stephens provisional President and Vice President.