In August, 1867, he asked Secretary of War Stanton to resign, and when the Secretary refused, suspended him and made General Grant temporary Secretary. All this was legal, but when Congress met, and the Senate disapproved of the suspension, General Grant gave the office back again to Stanton. Johnson then appointed General Lorenzo Thomas Secretary of War, and ordered him to seize the office. For this, and for his abusive speeches about Congress, the House of Representatives impeached him, and the Senate tried him "for high crimes and misdemeanors," but failed by one vote to find him guilty. Stanton then resigned his office. SUMMARY 1. In 1864 the Republican party was split, and one part, taking the name of National Union party, renominated Lincoln. The other or radical wing, which wanted a more vigorous war policy, nominated Frémont and Cochrane. The Democrats declared the war a failure, demanded peace, and nominated McClellan and Pendleton. 2. The gradual conquest of the South brought up the question of the relation to the Federal government of a state which had seceded. 3. Lincoln marked out his own plan of reconstruction in an amnesty proclamation. Congress thought he had no right to do this, and adopted a plan which Lincoln vetoed. His death left the question for Johnson to settle. 4. Johnson adopted a plan of his own and soon came into conflict with Congress. 5. Congress began by refusing seats to congressmen from states reconstructed on Johnson's plan. It then passed, over Johnson's veto, a series of bills to protect the freedmen and give them civil rights. 6. Six states accepted the terms of reconstruction offered, and their senators and representatives were admitted to Congress (1868). 7. Johnson, in 1866, traveled about the West abusing Congress. For this, and chiefly for his disregard of the Tenure of Office Act, he was impeached by the House and tried and acquitted by the Senate. * * * * * RECONSTRUCTON. Lincoln's plan ... States cannot secede; only some of their people were in insurrection. Amnesty proclamation. Recognizes Arkansas, Tennessee, and Louisiana. Thirteenth Amendment. Johnson's plan ... Provisional governors. Ratify Thirteenth Amendment. New state constitutions made. Congressmen chosen. Congressional plan ... Congress refuses them seats. Civil Rights Bill. Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Tenure of Office Act. Reconstruction Act. Fourteenth Amendment. Johnson _vs._ Congress ... Vetoes Civil Rights Bill. Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Denounces Congress. Violates Tenure of Office Act. Impeached. CHAPTER XXXI THE NEW WEST (1860-1870) %488. Discovery of Gold near Pikes Peak.%--In the summer of 1858 news reached the Missouri that gold had been found on the eastern slope of the Rockies, and at once a wild rush set in for the foot of Pikes Peak, in what was then Kansas. [Illustration: Crossing the plains]