Lüshun (China) -- History -- Siege, 1904-1905; Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905
The chief forts defending the entrance to the harbour are those
immediately to the north, on the mountain known as Golden Hill.
These comprise three distinct batteries: the Golden Hill fort on the
summit; the electric battery on the summit of the rocky crags above
the entrance to the fort, and the Middle Batteries, which connect the
two forts, making a practically unbroken line of guns from end to end
of the hill, and at three different elevations. The guns on Wieyuen
fort and Tiger’s Tail, to the south, are neither so large nor so well
manned as the best batteries in the fortress. The fort on Liaotishan,
at the extremity of the peninsula and White Wolf Hill to the north of
it, complete the chief of the sea batteries, the batteries capable of
attacking if the enemy’s fleet should attempt to reach the harbour.
After the first attack it was the object of the Port Admiral to get
the damaged vessels into a sheltered position behind the Tiger’s Tail,
then to repair them as soon as the docks were available. The commandant
of the fortress had to strengthen the garrisons in the forts on the
land side, and put an army of defence into the field to the north of
the town lest an attempt should be made to land a force at Dalny,
Talienwan, Kinchow, or Port Adams.
The enemy’s fleet left the harbour without appreciable molestation for
a fortnight. Within that time the injured ships, except the _Retvizan_,
had been towed to safe moorings; the land forces had been stationed
wherever it was thought a landing might be attempted, and the fort
garrisons were increased. Better than that--the numbness and paralyzing
effect of the unexpected bombardment had passed away from the naval,
military and civil population.
The enemy’s fleet showed in the offing from time to time, but probably
merely in order to draw the fire from the forts. At night lights would
be seen to seaward and fired upon. Sometimes these lights disappeared
after they had been shot at, and Russians believed they had sunk ships
of the enemy. Some time later torpedo-boat destroyers, when scouting,
ascertained that these lights were dummies on rafts and triangles,
drifting in and across the entrance with the tide. It was a clever ruse
to draw the fire from the forts, and also to accustom the Russians to
harmless lights being shown at the entrance to the harbour.
The Viceroy and his naval, military and diplomatic corps left Port
Arthur for fresh headquarters at Mukden on Sunday, February 21. General
Stoessel was then in supreme command of the fortress and of the army
in the Kwan-tung peninsula; Admiral Stark in command of the fleet;
Admiral Grevy in charge of the port, harbour, dockyards and naval
departments.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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