A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the EncheiridionEpictetus
Philosophy
A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the Encheiridion
Epictetus
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
ON FREEDOM FROM FEAR.—What makes the tyrant formidable? The guards, you
say, and their swords, and the men of the bedchamber, and those who
exclude them who would enter. Why then if you bring a boy (child) to
the tyrant when he is with his guards, is he not afraid; or is it
because the child does not understand these things? If then any man
does understand what guards are and that they have swords, and comes to
the tyrant for this very purpose because he wishes to die on account of
some circumstance and seeks to die easily by the hand of another, is he
afraid of the guards? No, for he wishes for the thing which makes the
guards formidable. If then any man neither wishing to die nor to live
by all means, but only as it may be permitted, approaches the tyrant
what hinders him from approaching the tyrant without fear? Nothing. If
then a man has the same opinion about his property as the man whom I
have instanced has about his body; and also about his children and his
wife, and in a word is so affected by some madness or despair that he
cares not whether he possesses them or not, but like children who are
playing with shells (quarrel) about the play, but do not trouble
themselves about the shells, so he too has set no value on the
materials (things), but values the pleasure that he has with them and
the occupation, what tyrant is then formidable to him, or what guards
or what swords?
What hinders a man, who has clearly separated (comprehended) these
things, from living with a light heart and bearing easily the reins,
quietly expecting everything which can happen, and enduring that which
has already happened? Would you have me to bear poverty? Come and you
will know what poverty is when it has found one who can act well the
part of a poor man. Would you have me to possess power? Let me have
power, and also the trouble of it. Well, banishment? Wherever I shall
go, there it will be well with me; for here also where I am, it was not
because of the place that it was well with me, but because of my
opinions which I shall carry off with me, for neither can any man
deprive me of them; but my opinions alone are mine and they cannot be
taken from me, and I am satisfied while I have them, wherever I may be
and whatever I am doing. But now it is time to die. Why do you say to
die? Make no tragedy show of the thing, but speak of it as it is. It is
now time for the matter (of the body) to be resolved into the things
out of which it was composed. And what is the formidable thing here?
what is going to perish of the things which are in the universe? what
new thing or wondrous is going to happen? Is it for this reason that a
tyrant is formidable? Is it for this reason that the guards appear to
have swords which are large and sharp? Say this to others; but I have
considered about all these things; no man has power over me. I have
been made free; I know his commands, no man can now lead me as a slave.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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