A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the EncheiridionEpictetus
Philosophy
A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the Encheiridion
Epictetus
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
Whatever things (rules) are proposed to you (for the conduct of life)
abide by them, as if they were laws, as if you would be guilty of
impiety if you transgressed any of them. And whatever any man shall say
about you, do not attend to it; for this is no affair of yours. How
long will you then still defer thinking yourself worthy of the best
things, and in no matter transgressing the distinctive reason? Have you
accepted the theorems (rules), which it was your duty to agree to, and
have you agreed to them? what teacher then do you still expect that you
defer to him the correction of yourself? You are no longer a youth, but
already a full-grown man. If, then, you are negligent and slothful, and
are continually making procrastination after procrastination, and
proposal (intention) after proposal, and fixing day after day, after
which you will attend to yourself, you will not know that you are not
making improvement, but you will continue ignorant (uninstructed) both
while you live and till you die. Immediately then think it right to
live as a full-grown man, and one who is making proficiency, and let
everything which appears to you to be the best be to you a law which
must not be transgressed. And if anything laborious or pleasant or
glorious or inglorious be presented to you, remember that now is the
contest, now are the Olympic games, and they cannot be deferred; and
that it depends on one defeat and one giving way that progress is
either lost or maintained. Socrates in this way became perfect, in all
things improving himself, attending to nothing except to reason. But
you, though you are not yet a Socrates, ought to live as one who wishes
to be a Socrates.
LI.
The first and most necessary place (part, [Greek: topos]) in philosophy
is the use of theorems (precepts, [Greek: theoraemata]), for instance,
that we must not lie; the second part is that of demonstrations, for
instance, How is it proved that we ought not to lie? The third is that
which is confirmatory of these two, and explanatory, for example, How
is this a demonstration? For what is demonstration, what is
consequence, what is contradiction, what is truth, what is falsehood?
The third part (topic) is necessary on account of the second, and the
second on account of the first; but the most necessary and that on
which we ought to rest is the first. But we do the contrary. For we
spend our time on the third topic, and all our earnestness is about it;
but we entirely neglect the first. Therefore we lie; but the
demonstration that we ought not to lie we have ready to hand.
LII.
In every thing (circumstance) we should hold these maxims ready to
hand:
Lead me, O Zeus, and thou O Destiny,
The way that I am bid by you to go:
To follow I am ready. If I choose not,
I make myself a wretch, and still must follow.
But whoso nobly yields unto necessity,
We hold him wise, and skill’d in things divine.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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