TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been placed at the end of the paragraph. Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. [Illustration: ST. TROPHYME AT ARLES.] A SHORT HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE BY ARTHUR LYMAN TUCKERMAN _WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE AUTHOR_ [Illustration] NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS 1897 COPYRIGHT, 1887, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS TROW’S PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING COMPANY, NEW YORK. “To build, to build! That is the noblest art of all the arts. Painting and Sculpture are but images, Are merely shadows cast by outward things On stone or canvas, having in themselves No separate existence. Architecture, Existing in itself, and not in seeming A something it is not, surpasses them As substance shadow.” —LONGFELLOW, in _Michael Angelo_. PREFACE. I have written this short history of architecture to meet the requirements of those who wish to become acquainted with the main facts without having to read voluminous works, many of which are addressed, not to the student, but to the connoisseur, who is presumed at the start to have a knowledge of the subject sufficient to enable him to comprehend critical and theoretical essays. The plan I have adopted has been to trace the origin of each style, its characteristic points and its connection with those which preceded and succeeded it, without introducing technical terms or any but the most important dates. There is a temptation to enter into the social and political histories of each building race, but brevity forbids this, as well as any of the gushing descriptions usually found in modern handbooks on art.