A short history of architectureTuckerman, Arthur Lyman
History
A short history of architecture
Tuckerman, Arthur Lyman
Architecture -- History
This city was surrounded by high fortified walls, and contained a place
of assembly for the people and rude habitations, the remains of which are
still visible. There is also still to be seen a conical or bee-hive-like
structure, commonly called the Treasury of Atreus. This cone is formed
by overlapping stones, curving gradually until they meet at the top of
the vault, which is capped by a large block. The doorway by which it is
entered is composed of slanting jambs of stone, sustaining a massive
lintel. This lintel is relieved from direct weight above by a triangular
opening, obtained by a similar process of corbelling. The Cyclopean
remains are of interest to architects chiefly on account of this system
of corbelled vaulting employed in their construction, which would never
have been adopted had their builders been acquainted with the voussoir
principle.
Dr. Schliemann has recently excavated the Acropolis of Mycenæ, and found
there many interesting objects of gold and pottery. Bronze nails with
flat heads have also been found within the Treasury of Atreus, which
were evidently used to attach copper plates with which the interior was
lined. Pausanias speaks of a similar treasury belonging to King Minyas,
at Orchomenos, and other remains of the same description have been
discovered in different parts of the Morea, bearing a resemblance to the
ruined cities of Etruria.
In fact, the various tumuli found in Western Europe, Sardinia, Sicily,
Greece, and Asia are all of the same type, and were a form commonly
adopted by the ancient nations.
When we come to the epoch preceding Roman architecture, we will examine
the character of Etruscan buildings, which were similar in many respects
to the works of the Pelasgi; at present the subject of most interest is
that of the great century of Greek art, for it marks the transition from
Crude Art, to which belongs all that has preceded, to Fine Art, in which
the Greeks excelled.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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