Works written in English are the following: Demetrius C. Boulger, _A History of Belgium_, 2 vols., London, 1902-9; J. de C. MacDonnell, _Belgium, Her Kings, Kingdom and People_, London, 1914; R. C. K. Ensor, _Belgium_, New York and London [1915]. The work by Boulger is mainly based on the old work of Théodore Juste, _Histoire de Belgique_ (new edition in 3 vols., Brussels, 1895), which is not up to date and cannot be compared with Pirenne’s _Histoire_. The works by MacDonnell and Ensor deal especially with the contemporary history of Belgium, the former treating Belgian politics from the Catholic point of view, the latter being frequently ill informed and unjust toward the Catholic party. Both have their merits in dealing with the history of Belgium in the nineteenth century. Modern Belgium has also been studied by H. Charriaut, _la Belgique moderne_, Paris, 1910. This book offers much information, but contains many mis-statements. For social problems, see B. Seebohm Rowntree, _Land and Labour: Lessons from Belgium_, London, 1910. In French there exists an excellent survey of the most important periods of Belgian history, written by G. Kurth, _la nationalité belge_, Brussels, 1913. A very readable book, well written and well illustrated, based on accurate historical information, and dealing with the history of Flanders in the largest sense of the word, is the work of Edward Neville Vose, _The Spell of Flanders_, Boston, Page Co., 1915. The author, describing the visit he made to various Flemish towns, gives a good account of the most striking facts of their history. INDEX INDEX Abbey of St. Armand, 32 Abbots, of Lobbes, 33 Ackerman, 62 Act of Union, 138 Activists, 179 Adorno, Antoniotto di Botta, 134 Aerschot, 172; recaptured, 173 ff. Africa, 168 Aix, favorite residence of Charles the Great, 12 Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 126 Alamans, 9, 18 Albert, Archduke of Austria, 120 Albert, Count of Bavaria, 69 Albert, King of Belgium, 124 Albert I, 170 ff.; armies of Flanders under King, 181 Alfonso XII, of Spain, 166 Allies, 145 ff., 178 Alost, 24, 39 Alps, 31 Alsace: Count Philip of, 56, 57; house of, from France, 50; principality of, 77; regained independence, 92; Thierry of, 56 Alva, Duke of, Don Luis Alvarez, the Toledo, 109; taxes of, 111 America, commercial dealings with, 132; neutral, 159 Amiénois, 56 Amsterdam, 150 Anarchy, 114 Andreas, Valerius, 123 Anglo-Saxon missionaries, 14 Anjou, Duke of, 117 Antwerp, 10, 44, 60, 110; army base, 172; center of cloth industry, 86; diocese of, 105; fortifications of, 164; largest market of north, 84; lost its commerce, 119; occupied by Dutch, 157; port of, 166, 168; province of, 19, 114, 148; sacked, 113; siege of, 173; treaty of, called “Treaty of the Barriers,” 129 Apostolic Inquisitors, 99 Arab merchants, 37 Architecture, 31 f., 53, 92 Ardennes, 175; hills, 69; peasants of, 49 Aristocracy, 62 Arlon, district of, 157 Armada, Spanish, 104, 118